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Discourses
The Buddha shares his own journey of seeking the path to awakening, from leaving the household life, to studying under two meditation teachers, to attaining full awakening and an account of teaching the Dhamma to his first five disciples.
PTS 1.160–1.174The Buddha reframes Siṅgālaka’s ritual of revering the six directions into practical lay ethics. He explains abandoning corrupt deeds, avoiding six drains on wealth, discerning true from false friends, and fulfilling reciprocal duties across six social relationships to achieve happiness in this world and the next.
PTS 3.180–3.193Through a parable of an acrobat and his apprentice, the Buddha teaches that protecting oneself through mindfulness also protects others, and vice versa. Self-discipline through mindfulness leads to communal safety, while patience and compassion for others strengthens one’s own path. True protection begins with personal responsibility in Dhamma.
PTS 5.168When the Kālāmas, perplexed by conflicting teachers, ask the Buddha how to know truth from falsehood, he advises against blind reliance on tradition or authority. Instead, offering a pragmatic test: reject what leads to detriment and cultivate that which leads to well-being.
PTS 1.188–1.192The young brahmin Subha questions the Buddha about whether householders or renunciants are superior and what brings the greatest merit. The Buddha explains that he evaluates actions with discernment, and then teaches the path to companionship with Brahmā through cultivation of the qualities of loving-kindness, compassion, appreciative joy, and equanimity.
PTS 2.196–2.208In this discourse, the Buddha advises cultivating the qualities of patience, loving-kindness and compassion. For true character is revealed only when tested by disagreeable words and deeds. Using vivid similes culminating with the simile of the saw, the Buddha instructs to not give rise to a mind of hate, even if bandits were to seize and carve one up limb by limb.
PTS 1.122–1.129Prince Abhaya, coached by Nigaṇṭha Nāṭaputta, tries to trap the Buddha with a dilemma about whether an Awakened One ever speaks harsh truths. Using the simile of removing a pebble from a baby’s mouth, the Buddha reveals he speaks only what is true, beneficial, and timely, guided by compassion.
PTS 1.392–1.395The young brahmin Subha asks the Buddha why human beings experience such vast disparities in lifespan, health, wealth, and wisdom. The Buddha explains that beings are the owners and heirs of their actions. He details specific unwholesome and wholesome behaviors, showing exactly how each shapes future rebirths and human conditions.
PTS 3.202–3.206The Buddha describes the six releases of mind, through 1) loving-kindness, 2) compassion, 3) appreciative joy, 4) equanimity, 5) the signless, and 6) the uprooting of the conceit “I am" - that assuredly lead to freedom from 1) ill will, 2) cruelty, 3) dissatisfaction, 4) passion, 5) following after signs, and 6) the conceit “I am" when cultivated and frequently practiced to fulfillment.
PTS 3.290–3.291When the householder Dasama asks if there is a single thing that guarantees liberation, the venerable Ānanda reveals eleven doorways to the deathless. By entering the four jhānas, four divine abidings, or formless attainments, and discerning that each state is conditioned, intentionally constructed, and impermanent, a diligent practitioner attains to Nibbāna through the wearing away of the taints.
PTS 1.349–1.352The Buddha explains to Jīvaka the circumstances in which meat may be consumed and the demerit of slaughtering living beings for the Tathāgata or his disciples.
PTS 1.368–1.370When a brahmin assumes that the Buddha’s serene faculties and radiant appearance must result from enjoying the finest worldly luxuries, the Buddha explains the true “luxurious and lofty beds” he attains—the heavenly bed, through abiding in the jhānas; the brahmic bed, through the boundless cultivation of loving-kindness, compassion, appreciative joy, and equanimity; and the noble bed, through the complete abandonment of passion, aversion, and delusion.
PTS 1.180–1.184The Buddha ranks four kinds of persons: those practicing neither for their own benefit nor for others’, those practicing only for others, those practicing only for themselves, and those practicing for both. He likens the first to a charred log and the last to the cream of ghee.
PTS 2.95The Buddha shares the four kinds of persons — those who cultivate loving-kindness, compassion, appreciative joy, and equanimity while perceiving gratification — and the difference in their rebirths.
PTS 2.128–2.129The Buddha shares the four kinds of persons — those who cultivate loving-kindness, compassion, appreciative joy, and equanimity while perceiving drawbacks — and the difference in their rebirths.
PTS 2.130The Buddha clarifies the proper path of a true ascetic, illustrating that internal purification, not external practices, defines true asceticism. The Buddha also describes the wearing away of the taints, the cultivation of the four immeasurable states, and the taintless liberation of mind using similes of a concealed weapon and a cool pond.
PTS 1.281–1.284Five ways for removing arisen resentment - 1) loving-kindness, 2) compassion, 3) equanimity, 4) disregarding and non-attention, 5) reflection on kamma.
PTS 3.185The Buddha shines a light on the vital practice of dedicating merit to departed relatives. Unable to sustain themselves through worldly means like farming or trade, they rely entirely on offerings given on their behalf.
PTS 6The Buddha uses the simile of a defiled cloth to explain how the mind can be similarly defiled by various impurities, and how it can be purified by abandoning them. And it is through this very practice that one arrives at unshakeable faith in the Buddha, the Dhamma, and the Saṅgha. The Buddha also addresses a brahmin in verses who believes in purification by bathing in river.
PTS 1.36–1.39The Buddha instructs Rāhula on how to regard the five aggregates as not-self which he immediately applies to practice. The Buddha then teaches Rāhula on how to meditate on the elements, the divine abodes, unattractiveness, impermanence, and mindfulness of breathing to abandon unwholesome mental qualities and cultivate wholesome mental qualities.
PTS 1.420–1.425The Buddha uses similes to illustrate the benefits of developing loving-kindness. The liberation of mind by loving-kindness surpasses all other forms of merit-making associated with acquisitions by far.
PTS 19–21Where children honor their mother and father, those families are said to dwell with Brahmā.
PTS 109–110Using the simile of the moon, the Buddha explains how a bhikkhu should approach families with a detached, unassuming mind, teaching the Dhamma out of pure compassion rather than a desire for personal gain or recognition.
PTS 2.197–2.199The Buddha describes the unique qualities of the Tathāgata, the Arahant, the perfectly Awakened One.
PTS 1.22–1.23The venerable Nandaka teaches Sāḷha and his friend about how to independently verify the unwholesome and wholesome mental qualities.
PTS 1.193–1.196