The Buddha describes the unique qualities of the Tathāgata, the Arahant, the perfectly Awakened One.

PTS 1.22–1.23

AN 1.170–187 Ekapuggala vagga - The Chapter on One Person

1.170

“Ekapuggalo, bhikkhave, loke uppajjamāno uppajjati bahujanahitāya bahujanasukhāya lokānukampāya atthāya hitāya sukhāya devamanussānaṁ. Katamo ekapuggalo? Tathāgato arahaṁ sammāsambuddho. Ayaṁ kho, bhikkhave, ekapuggalo loke uppajjamāno uppajjati bahujanahitāya bahujanasukhāya lokānukampāya atthāya hitāya sukhāya devamanussānan”ti.

“There is one person who arises in the world for the benefit of many people, for the ease of many people, out of compassion for the world, for the benefit, welfare, and happiness of gods and human beings. Who is that one person? The Tathāgata, the Arahant, the perfectly Awakened One. This is that one person who arises in the world for the benefit of many people, for the ease of many people, out of compassion for the world, for the benefit, welfare, and happiness of gods and human beings.”

1.171

“Ekapuggalassa, bhikkhave, pātubhāvo dullabho lokasmiṁ. Katamassa ekapuggalassa? Tathāgatassa arahato sammāsambuddhassa. Imassa kho, bhikkhave, ekapuggalassa pātubhāvo dullabho lokasmin”ti.

“There is one person whose appearance in the world is rare. Who is that one person? The Tathāgata, the Arahant, the perfectly Awakened One. This is that one person whose appearance in the world is rare.”

1.172

“Ekapuggalo, bhikkhave, loke uppajjamāno uppajjati acchariyamanusso. Katamo ekapuggalo? Tathāgato arahaṁ sammāsambuddho. Ayaṁ kho, bhikkhave, ekapuggalo loke uppajjamāno uppajjati acchariyamanusso”ti.

“There is one person arising in the world who is extraordinary. Who is that one person? The Tathāgata, the Arahant, the perfectly Awakened One. This is that one person arising in the world who is extraordinary.”

1.173

“Ekapuggalassa, bhikkhave, kālakiriyā bahuno janassa anutappā hoti. Katamassa ekapuggalassa? Tathāgatassa arahato sammāsambuddhassa. Imassa kho, bhikkhave, ekapuggalassa kālakiriyā bahuno janassa anutappā hotī”ti.

“The passing away of one person is regretted by many people. Who is that one person? The Tathāgata, the Arahant, the perfectly Awakened One. This is that one person whose passing away is regretted by many people.”

1.174

“Ekapuggalo, bhikkhave, loke uppajjamāno uppajjati adutiyo asahāyo appaṭimo appaṭisamo appaṭibhāgo appaṭipuggalo asamo asamasamo dvipadānaṁ aggo. Katamo ekapuggalo? Tathāgato arahaṁ sammāsambuddho. Ayaṁ kho, bhikkhave, ekapuggalo loke uppajjamāno uppajjati adutiyo asahāyo appaṭimo appaṭisamo appaṭibhāgo appaṭipuggalo asamo asamasamo dvipadānaṁ aggo”ti.

“There is one person who arises in the world without a counterpart, without a peer, who is matchless, without an equal, peerless, unparalleled, unrivalled, incomparable, the foremost among two-footed beings. Who is that one person? The Tathāgata, the Arahant, the perfectly Awakened One. This is that one person who arises in the world without a counterpart, without a peer, who is matchless, without an equal, peerless, unparalleled, unrivalled, incomparable, the foremost among two-footed beings.”

1.175–186

“Ekapuggalassa, bhikkhave, pātubhāvā mahato cakkhussa pātubhāvo hoti, mahato ālokassa pātubhāvo hoti, mahato obhāsassa pātubhāvo hoti, channaṁ anuttariyānaṁ pātubhāvo hoti, catunnaṁ paṭisambhidānaṁ sacchikiriyā hoti, anekadhātupaṭivedho hoti, nānādhātupaṭivedho hoti, vijjāvimuttiphalasacchikiriyā hoti, sotāpattiphalasacchikiriyā hoti, sakadāgāmiphalasacchikiriyā hoti, anāgāmiphalasacchikiriyā hoti, arahattaphalasacchikiriyā hoti. Katamassa ekapuggalassa? Tathāgatassa arahato sammāsambuddhassa. Imassa kho, bhikkhave, ekapuggalassa pātubhāvā mahato cakkhussa pātubhāvo hoti, mahato ālokassa pātubhāvo hoti, mahato obhāsassa pātubhāvo hoti, channaṁ anuttariyānaṁ pātubhāvo hoti, catunnaṁ paṭisambhidānaṁ sacchikiriyā hoti, anekadhātupaṭivedho hoti, nānādhātupaṭivedho hoti, vijjāvimuttiphalasacchikiriyā hoti, sotāpattiphalasacchikiriyā hoti, sakadāgāmiphalasacchikiriyā hoti, anāgāmiphalasacchikiriyā hoti, arahattaphalasacchikiriyā hotī”ti.

“With the arising of one person 175.) there is the appearance of great vision, 176.) the appearance of great light, 177.) the appearance of great radiance, 178.) the appearance of the six unsurpassed qualities, 179.) the realization of the four analytical knowledges, 180.) the penetration of diverse elements, 181.) the realization of diverse elements, 182.) the realization of the fruit of knowledge and liberation, 183.) the realization of the fruit of stream-entry, 184.) the realization of the fruit of once-returning, 185.) the realization of the fruit of non-returning, 186.) the realization of the fruit of Arahantship. Who is that one person? The Tathāgata, the Arahant, the perfectly Awakened One. This is that one person with the arising of whom there is the appearance of great vision, the appearance of great light, the appearance of great radiance, the appearance of the six things unsurpassed, the realization of the four analytical knowledges, the comprehension of diverse elements, the breakthrough in the understanding of diverse elements, the realization of the fruit of liberation and wisdom, the realization of the fruit of stream-entry, the realization of the fruit of once-returning, the realization of the fruit of non-returning, the realization of the fruit of Arahantship.”

1.187

“Nāhaṁ, bhikkhave, aññaṁ ekapuggalampi samanupassāmi yo evaṁ tathāgatena anuttaraṁ dhammacakkaṁ pavattitaṁ sammadeva anuppavatteti yathayidaṁ, bhikkhave, sāriputto. Sāriputto, bhikkhave, tathāgatena anuttaraṁ dhammacakkaṁ pavattitaṁ sammadeva anuppavattetī”ti.

“I do not see any other single person who so perfectly propagates the unsurpassed Dhamma wheel set in motion by the Tathāgata, as does Sāriputta. Indeed, Sāriputta so perfectly propagates the unsurpassed Dhamma wheel set in motion by the Tathāgata.”

Qualities:

Compassion

Compassion

A mental quality of wise empathy in response to suffering, which counters qualities of harm or cruelty.

Also known as: benevolence, concern, sympathy, kindness towards those who are suffering
Pāli: karuṇā, anukampa
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Vision

Vision

The corrective clarity that clearly sees into the true nature of things as they actually are.

Also known as: knowledge and vision, seeing clearly, seeing things as they are, seeing the truth, seeing the dhamma
Pāli: dassana, ñāṇadassana, yathābhūtañāṇadassana
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Wisdom

Wisdom

Lived understanding and sound judgment that steers the mind away from suffering, distinct from mere accumulation of facts.

Also known as: (of a person) wise, astute, intelligent, learned, skilled, firm, stable, steadfast, an experiential understanding of the four noble truths
Pāli: paññā, medhā, dhīra, paṇḍita, asammūḷha
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Last updated on October 26, 2026

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