Evaṁ me sutaṁ—ekaṁ samayaṁ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṁ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tatra kho bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesi: “bhikkhavo”ti.
Thus have I heard—At one time, the Blessed One was dwelling at Sāvatthi, in Jeta’s Grove, Anāthapiṇḍika’s park. There, the Blessed One addressed the bhikkhus: “Bhikkhus.”
“Bhadante”ti te bhikkhū bhagavato paccassosuṁ. Bhagavā etadavoca:
“Venerable sir,” those bhikkhus replied to the Blessed One. The Blessed One said this:
“Yassa kassaci, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno pañca cetokhilā appahīnā, pañca cetasovinibandhā asamucchinnā, so vatimasmiṁ dhammavinaye vuddhiṁ virūḷhiṁ vepullaṁ āpajjissatīti—netaṁ ṭhānaṁ vijjati.
“Bhikkhus, that a bhikkhu who has not abandoned the five barriers of the mind and not severed the five shackles of the mind should come to growth, increase, and fulfillment in this teaching and training - that is impossible.
Katamāssa pañca cetokhilā appahīnā honti? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu satthari kaṅkhati vicikicchati nādhimuccati na sampasīdati. Yo so, bhikkhave, bhikkhu satthari kaṅkhati vicikicchati nādhimuccati na sampasīdati tassa cittaṁ na namati ātappāya anuyogāya sātaccāya padhānāya. Yassa cittaṁ na namati ātappāya anuyogāya sātaccāya padhānāya, evamassāyaṁ paṭhamo cetokhilo appahīno hoti.
What are the five barriers of the mind that have not been abandoned? Here a bhikkhu has doubt and uncertainty about the teacher, does not have confidence and does not settle his mind in faith. The mind of such a bhikkhu does not incline towards exertion, investigation, perseverance, and striving. As his mind does not incline towards exertion, investigation, perseverance, and striving, that is the first barrier of the mind that has not been abandoned.
Puna caparaṁ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu dhamme kaṅkhati vicikicchati nādhimuccati na sampasīdati. Yo so, bhikkhave, bhikkhu dhamme kaṅkhati vicikicchati nādhimuccati na sampasīdati, tassa cittaṁ na namati ātappāya anuyogāya sātaccāya padhānāya. Yassa cittaṁ na namati ātappāya anuyogāya sātaccāya padhānāya, evamassāyaṁ dutiyo cetokhilo appahīno hoti.
Furthermore, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu has doubt and uncertainty about the Dhamma, does not have confidence, and does not settle his mind in faith. The mind of such a bhikkhu does not incline towards exertion, investigation, perseverance, and striving. Because his mind does not incline towards exertion, investigation, perseverance, and striving, this is the second barrier of the mind that has not been abandoned.
Puna caparaṁ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu saṅghe kaṅkhati vicikicchati nādhimuccati na sampasīdati. Yo so, bhikkhave, bhikkhu saṅghe kaṅkhati vicikicchati nādhimuccati na sampasīdati, tassa cittaṁ na namati ātappāya anuyogāya sātaccāya padhānāya. Yassa cittaṁ na namati ātappāya anuyogāya sātaccāya padhānāya, evamassāyaṁ tatiyo cetokhilo appahīno hoti.
Furthermore, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu has doubt and uncertainty about the Saṅgha, does not have confidence, and does not settle his mind in faith. The mind of such a bhikkhu does not incline towards exertion, investigation, perseverance, and striving. Because his mind does not incline towards exertion, investigation, perseverance, and striving, this is the third barrier of the mind that has not been abandoned.
Puna caparaṁ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu sikkhāya kaṅkhati vicikicchati nādhimuccati na sampasīdati. Yo so, bhikkhave, bhikkhu sikkhāya kaṅkhati vicikicchati nādhimuccati na sampasīdati, tassa cittaṁ na namati ātappāya anuyogāya sātaccāya padhānāya. Yassa cittaṁ na namati ātappāya anuyogāya sātaccāya padhānāya, evamassāyaṁ catuttho cetokhilo appahīno hoti.
Furthermore, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu has doubt and uncertainty about the training, does not have confidence, and does not settle his mind in faith. The mind of such a bhikkhu does not incline towards exertion, investigation, perseverance, and striving. Because his mind does not incline towards exertion, investigation, perseverance, and striving, this is the fourth barrier of the mind that has not been abandoned.
Puna caparaṁ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu sabrahmacārīsu kupito hoti anattamano āhatacitto khilajāto. Yo so, bhikkhave, bhikkhu sabrahmacārīsu kupito hoti anattamano āhatacitto khilajāto, tassa cittaṁ na namati ātappāya anuyogāya sātaccāya padhānāya. Yassa cittaṁ na namati ātappāya anuyogāya sātaccāya padhānāya, evamassāyaṁ pañcamo cetokhilo appahīno hoti. Imāssa pañca cetokhilā appahīnā honti.
Furthermore, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu is angry and displeased with his fellow practitioners, has an unsettled mind, and has developed a barrier in his mind. The mind of such a bhikkhu does not incline towards exertion, investigation, perseverance, and striving. Because his mind does not incline towards exertion, investigation, perseverance, and striving, this is the fifth barrier of the mind that has not been abandoned. These are the five barriers of the mind that have not been abandoned.
Katamāssa pañca cetasovinibandhā asamucchinnā honti? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kāme avītarāgo hoti avigatacchando avigatapemo avigatapipāso avigatapariḷāho avigatataṇho. Yo so, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kāme avītarāgo hoti avigatacchando avigatapemo avigatapipāso avigatapariḷāho avigatataṇho, tassa cittaṁ na namati ātappāya anuyogāya sātaccāya padhānāya. Yassa cittaṁ na namati ātappāya anuyogāya sātaccāya padhānāya, evamassāyaṁ paṭhamo cetasovinibandho asamucchinno hoti.
And what are the five shackles of the mind that have not been severed? Here, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu is not free from passion, desire, affection, longing, yearning, and craving for sensual pleasures. The mind of such a bhikkhu does not incline towards exertion, investigation, perseverance, and striving. Because his mind does not incline towards exertion, investigation, perseverance, and striving, this is the first shackle of the mind that has not been severed.
Puna caparaṁ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kāye avītarāgo hoti avigatacchando avigatapemo avigatapipāso avigatapariḷāho avigatataṇho. Yo so, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kāye avītarāgo hoti avigatacchando avigatapemo avigatapipāso avigatapariḷāho avigatataṇho, tassa cittaṁ na namati ātappāya anuyogāya sātaccāya padhānāya. Yassa cittaṁ na namati ātappāya anuyogāya sātaccāya padhānāya, evamassāyaṁ dutiyo cetasovinibandho asamucchinno hoti.
Furthermore, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu is not free from passion, desire, affection, longing, yearning, and craving for the body. The mind of such a bhikkhu does not incline towards exertion, investigation, perseverance, and striving. Because his mind does not incline towards exertion, investigation, perseverance, and striving, this is the second shackle of the mind that has not been severed.
Puna caparaṁ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu rūpe avītarāgo hoti avigatacchando avigatapemo avigatapipāso avigatapariḷāho avigatataṇho. Yo so, bhikkhave, bhikkhu rūpe avītarāgo hoti avigatacchando avigatapemo avigatapipāso avigatapariḷāho avigatataṇho, tassa cittaṁ na namati ātappāya anuyogāya sātaccāya padhānāya. Yassa cittaṁ na namati ātappāya anuyogāya sātaccāya padhānāya, evamassāyaṁ tatiyo cetasovinibandho asamucchinno hoti.
Furthermore, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu is not free from passion, desire, affection, longing, yearning, and craving for forms. The mind of such a bhikkhu does not incline towards exertion, investigation, perseverance, and striving. Because his mind does not incline towards exertion, investigation, perseverance, and striving, this is the third shackle of the mind that has not been severed.
Puna caparaṁ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu yāvadatthaṁ udarāvadehakaṁ bhuñjitvā seyyasukhaṁ passasukhaṁ middhasukhaṁ anuyutto viharati. Yo so, bhikkhave, bhikkhu yāvadatthaṁ udarāvadehakaṁ bhuñjitvā seyyasukhaṁ passasukhaṁ middhasukhaṁ anuyutto viharati, tassa cittaṁ na namati ātappāya anuyogāya sātaccāya padhānāya. Yassa cittaṁ na namati ātappāya anuyogāya sātaccāya padhānāya, evamassāyaṁ catuttho cetasovinibandho asamucchinno hoti.
Furthermore, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu, having eaten as much as he likes until his belly is full, lives devoted to the pleasure of lying down, reclining, and sleeping. The mind of such a bhikkhu does not incline towards exertion, investigation, perseverance, and striving. Because his mind does not incline towards exertion, examination, perseverance, and striving, this is the fourth shackle of the mind that has not been severed.
Puna caparaṁ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu aññataraṁ devanikāyaṁ paṇidhāya brahmacariyaṁ carati: ‘imināhaṁ sīlena vā vatena vā tapena vā brahmacariyena vā devo vā bhavissāmi devaññataro vā’ti. Yo so, bhikkhave, bhikkhu aññataraṁ devanikāyaṁ paṇidhāya brahmacariyaṁ carati: ‘imināhaṁ sīlena vā vatena vā tapena vā brahmacariyena vā devo vā bhavissāmi devaññataro vā’ti, tassa cittaṁ na namati ātappāya anuyogāya sātaccāya padhānāya. Yassa cittaṁ na namati ātappāya anuyogāya sātaccāya padhānāya, evamassāyaṁ pañcamo cetasovinibandho asamucchinno hoti. Imāssa pañca cetasovinibandhā asamucchinnā honti.
Furthermore, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu engages in the spiritual life aspiring to some order of gods thus, ‘By this virtue, this spiritual practice, this austerity, or this spiritual life, I will become a god or one of the gods.’ The mind of such a bhikkhu does not incline towards exertion, investigation, perseverance, and striving. Because his mind does not incline towards exertion, investigation, perseverance, and striving, this is the fifth shackle of the mind that has not been severed. These are the five shackles of the mind that have not been severed.
Yassa kassaci, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno ime pañca cetokhilā appahīnā, ime pañca cetasovinibandhā asamucchinnā, so vatimasmiṁ dhammavinaye vuddhiṁ virūḷhiṁ vepullaṁ āpajjissatīti—netaṁ ṭhānaṁ vijjati.
Bhikkhus, that a bhikkhu who has not abandoned these five barriers of the mind and not severed these five shackles of the mind should come to growth, increase, and fulfillment in this teaching and training - that is impossible.
Yassa kassaci, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno pañca cetokhilā pahīnā, pañca cetasovinibandhā susamucchinnā, so vatimasmiṁ dhammavinaye vuddhiṁ virūḷhiṁ vepullaṁ āpajjissatīti—ṭhānametaṁ vijjati.
Bhikkhus, that a bhikkhu who has abandoned these five barriers of the mind and severed these five shackles of the mind should come to growth, increase, and fulfillment in this teaching and training - that is possible.
Katamāssa pañca cetokhilā pahīnā honti? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu satthari na kaṅkhati na vicikicchati adhimuccati sampasīdati. Yo so, bhikkhave, bhikkhu satthari na kaṅkhati na vicikicchati adhimuccati sampasīdati, tassa cittaṁ namati ātappāya anuyogāya sātaccāya padhānāya. Yassa cittaṁ namati ātappāya anuyogāya sātaccāya padhānāya, evamassāyaṁ paṭhamo cetokhilo pahīno hoti.
And what are the five barriers of the mind that have been abandoned? Here, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu does not doubt, is not uncertain, but has confidence and faith in the Teacher. The mind of such a bhikkhu inclines towards exertion, investigation, perseverance, and striving. Because his mind inclines towards exertion, investigation, perseverance, and striving, this is the first barrier of the mind that has been abandoned.
Puna caparaṁ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu dhamme na kaṅkhati na vicikicchati adhimuccati sampasīdati. Yo so, bhikkhave, bhikkhu dhamme na kaṅkhati na vicikicchati adhimuccati sampasīdati, tassa cittaṁ namati ātappāya anuyogāya sātaccāya padhānāya. Yassa cittaṁ namati ātappāya anuyogāya sātaccāya padhānāya, evamassāyaṁ dutiyo cetokhilo pahīno hoti.
Furthermore, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu does not doubt, is not uncertain, but has confidence and faith in the Dhamma. The mind of such a bhikkhu inclines towards exertion, investigation, perseverance, and striving. Because his mind inclines towards exertion, investigation, perseverance, and striving, this is the second barrier of the mind that has been abandoned.
Puna caparaṁ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu saṅghe na kaṅkhati na vicikicchati adhimuccati sampasīdati. Yo so, bhikkhave, bhikkhu saṅghe na kaṅkhati na vicikicchati adhimuccati sampasīdati, tassa cittaṁ namati ātappāya anuyogāya sātaccāya padhānāya. Yassa cittaṁ namati ātappāya anuyogāya sātaccāya padhānāya, evamassāyaṁ tatiyo cetokhilo pahīno hoti.
Furthermore, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu does not doubt, is not uncertain, but has confidence and faith in the Saṅgha. The mind of such a bhikkhu inclines towards exertion, investigation, perseverance, and striving. Because his mind inclines towards exertion, investigation, perseverance, and striving, this is the third barrier of the mind that has been abandoned.
Puna caparaṁ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu sikkhāya na kaṅkhati na vicikicchati adhimuccati sampasīdati. Yo so, bhikkhave, bhikkhu sikkhāya na kaṅkhati na vicikicchati adhimuccati sampasīdati, tassa cittaṁ namati ātappāya anuyogāya sātaccāya padhānāya. Yassa cittaṁ namati ātappāya anuyogāya sātaccāya padhānāya, evamassāyaṁ catuttho cetokhilo pahīno hoti.
Furthermore, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu does not doubt, is not uncertain, but has confidence and faith in the training. The mind of such a bhikkhu inclines towards exertion, investigation, perseverance, and striving. Because his mind inclines towards exertion, investigation, perseverance, and striving, this is the fourth barrier of the mind that has been abandoned.
Puna caparaṁ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu sabrahmacārīsu na kupito hoti na anattamano anāhatacitto akhilajāto. Yo so, bhikkhave, bhikkhu sabrahmacārīsu na kupito hoti na anattamano anāhatacitto akhilajāto, tassa cittaṁ namati ātappāya anuyogāya sātaccāya padhānāya. Yassa cittaṁ namati ātappāya anuyogāya sātaccāya padhānāya, evamassāyaṁ pañcamo cetokhilo pahīno hoti. Imāssa pañca cetokhilā pahīnā honti.
Furthermore, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu is not angry, displeased, hostile, or resentful towards fellow practitioners. The mind of such a bhikkhu inclines towards exertion, investigation, perseverance, and striving. Because his mind inclines towards exertion, investigation, perseverance, and striving, this is the fifth barrier of the mind that has been abandoned. These are the five barriers of the mind that have been abandoned.
Katamāssa pañca cetasovinibandhā susamucchinnā honti? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kāme vītarāgo hoti vigatacchando vigatapemo vigatapipāso vigatapariḷāho vigatataṇho. Yo so, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kāme vītarāgo hoti vigatacchando vigatapemo vigatapipāso vigatapariḷāho vigatataṇho, tassa cittaṁ namati ātappāya anuyogāya sātaccāya padhānāya. Yassa cittaṁ namati ātappāya anuyogāya sātaccāya padhānāya, evamassāyaṁ paṭhamo cetasovinibandho susamucchinno hoti.
And what are the five shackles of the mind that have been completely severed? Here, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu is free from passion, desire, affection, longing, yearning, and craving for sensual pleasures. The mind of such a bhikkhu inclines towards exertion, investigation, perseverance, and striving. Because his mind inclines towards exertion, investigation, perseverance, and striving, this is the first shackle of the mind that has been completely severed.
Puna caparaṁ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kāye vītarāgo hoti vigatacchando vigatapemo vigatapipāso vigatapariḷāho vigatataṇho. Yo so, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kāye vītarāgo hoti vigatacchando vigatapemo vigatapipāso vigatapariḷāho vigatataṇho, tassa cittaṁ namati ātappāya anuyogāya sātaccāya padhānāya. Yassa cittaṁ namati ātappāya anuyogāya sātaccāya padhānāya, evamassāyaṁ dutiyo cetasovinibandho susamucchinno hoti.
Furthermore, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu is free from passion, desire, affection, longing, yearning, and craving for the body. The mind of such a bhikkhu inclines towards exertion, investigation, perseverance, and striving. Because his mind inclines towards exertion, investigation, perseverance, and striving, this is the second shackle of the mind that has been completely severed.
Puna caparaṁ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu rūpe vītarāgo hoti vigatacchando vigatapemo vigatapipāso vigatapariḷāho vigatataṇho. Yo so, bhikkhave, bhikkhu rūpe vītarāgo hoti vigatacchando vigatapemo vigatapipāso vigatapariḷāho vigatataṇho, tassa cittaṁ namati ātappāya anuyogāya sātaccāya padhānāya. Yassa cittaṁ namati ātappāya anuyogāya sātaccāya padhānāya, evamassāyaṁ tatiyo cetasovinibandho susamucchinno hoti.
Furthermore, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu is free from passion, desire, affection, longing, yearning, and craving for forms. The mind of such a bhikkhu inclines towards exertion, investigation, perseverance, and striving. Because his mind inclines towards exertion, investigation, perseverance, and striving, this is the third shackle of the mind that has been completely severed.
Puna caparaṁ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu na yāvadatthaṁ udarāvadehakaṁ bhuñjitvā seyyasukhaṁ passasukhaṁ middhasukhaṁ anuyutto viharati. Yo so, bhikkhave, bhikkhu na yāvadatthaṁ udarāvadehakaṁ bhuñjitvā seyyasukhaṁ passasukhaṁ middhasukhaṁ anuyutto viharati, tassa cittaṁ namati ātappāya anuyogāya sātaccāya padhānāya. Yassa cittaṁ namati ātappāya anuyogāya sātaccāya padhānāya, evamassāyaṁ catuttho cetasovinibandho susamucchinno hoti.
Furthermore, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu does not eat as much as he likes until his belly is full and does not live devoted to the pleasure of lying down, reclining, and sleeping. The mind of such a bhikkhu inclines towards exertion, investigation, perseverance, and striving. Because his mind inclines towards exertion, investigation, perseverance, and striving, this is the fourth shackle of the mind that has been completely severed.
Puna caparaṁ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu na aññataraṁ devanikāyaṁ paṇidhāya brahmacariyaṁ carati: ‘imināhaṁ sīlena vā vatena vā tapena vā brahmacariyena vā devo vā bhavissāmi devaññataro vā’ti. Yo so, bhikkhave, bhikkhu na aññataraṁ devanikāyaṁ paṇidhāya brahmacariyaṁ carati: ‘imināhaṁ sīlena vā vatena vā tapena vā brahmacariyena vā devo vā bhavissāmi devaññataro vā’ti, tassa cittaṁ namati ātappāya anuyogāya sātaccāya padhānāya. Yassa cittaṁ namati ātappāya anuyogāya sātaccāya padhānāya, evamassāyaṁ pañcamo cetasovinibandho susamucchinno hoti. Imāssa pañca cetasovinibandhā susamucchinnā honti.
Furthermore, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu does not engage in the spiritual life aspiring to some order of gods, thinking, ‘By this virtue, this spiritual practice, this austerity, or this spiritual life, I will become a god or one of the gods.’ The mind of such a bhikkhu inclines towards exertion, investigation, perseverance, and striving. Because his mind inclines towards exertion, investigation, perseverance, and striving, this is the fifth shackle of the mind that has been completely severed. These are the five shackles of the mind that have been completely severed.
Yassa kassaci, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno ime pañca cetokhilā pahīnā, ime pañca cetasovinibandhā susamucchinnā, so vatimasmiṁ dhammavinaye vuddhiṁ virūḷhiṁ vepullaṁ āpajjissatīti—ṭhānametaṁ vijjati.
Bhikkhus, when any bhikkhu has abandoned these five barriers of the mind and completely severed these five shackles of the mind, it is possible for him to come to growth, increase, and fulfillment in this teaching and training.
So chandasamādhipadhānasaṅkhārasamannāgataṁ iddhipādaṁ bhāveti, vīriyasamādhipadhānasaṅkhārasamannāgataṁ iddhipādaṁ bhāveti, cittasamādhipadhānasaṅkhārasamannāgataṁ iddhipādaṁ bhāveti, vīmaṁsāsamādhipadhānasaṅkhārasamannāgataṁ iddhipādaṁ bhāveti, ussoḷhīyeva pañcamī.
He develops the basis of psychic power that is endowed with collectedness arising from |aspiration::a goal, an interest, an objective, i.e. a wholesome motivation [chanda]| and accompanied by intentional effort. He develops the basis of psychic power that is endowed with collectedness arising from |determination::will power, energy [vīriya]| and accompanied by intentional effort. He develops the basis of psychic power that is endowed with collectedness arising from |[purification of] mind::purification of heart [citta]| and accompanied by intentional effort. He develops the basis of psychic power that is endowed with collectedness arising from |investigation::consideration, reflection, and examination [vīmaṃsā]| and accompanied by intentional effort. And then, enthusiasm is the fifth factor.
Sa kho so, bhikkhave, evaṁ ussoḷhipannarasaṅgasamannāgato bhikkhu bhabbo abhinibbidāya, bhabbo sambodhāya, bhabbo anuttarassa yogakkhemassa adhigamāya. Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, kukkuṭiyā aṇḍāni aṭṭha vā dasa vā dvādasa vā. Tānassu kukkuṭiyā sammā adhisayitāni sammā pariseditāni sammā paribhāvitāni. Kiñcāpi tassā kukkuṭiyā na evaṁ icchā uppajjeyya: ‘aho vatime kukkuṭapotakā pādanakhasikhāya vā mukhatuṇḍakena vā aṇḍakosaṁ padāletvā sotthinā abhinibbhijjeyyun’ti. Atha kho bhabbāva te kukkuṭapotakā pādanakhasikhāya vā mukhatuṇḍakena vā aṇḍakosaṁ padāletvā sotthinā abhinibbhijjituṁ.
A bhikkhu who is endowed with these fifteen factors including enthusiasm is capable of complete disenchantment, capable of awakening, and capable of attaining the unsurpassed security from |bondage::Nibbāna|. Just as, a hen has eight, ten, or twelve eggs, and she incubates them properly, and nurtures them properly. Even though she did not wish: ‘Oh, if only my chicks would break through the eggshell safely with their claws or beaks,’ yet those chicks are capable of breaking through the eggshell safely with their claws or beaks.
Evameva kho, bhikkhave, evaṁ ussoḷhipannarasaṅgasamannāgato bhikkhu bhabbo abhinibbidāya, bhabbo sambodhāya, bhabbo anuttarassa yogakkhemassa adhigamāyā”ti.
So too, a bhikkhu who is endowed with these fifteen factors including enthusiasm is capable of complete disenchantment, capable of awakening, and capable of attaining the unsurpassed security from |bondage::Nibbāna|.”
Idamavoca bhagavā. Attamanā te bhikkhū bhagavato bhāsitaṁ abhinandunti.
When the Blessed One had said this, The bhikkhus were delighted and rejoiced in the Blessed One’s words.