The Buddha lists the three roots of the unwholesome - greed, aversion, and delusion, and explain their effect on the mind with a simile.

ITI 50  Mūla sutta - Roots [Of The Unwholesome]

Vuttañhetaṁ bhagavatā vuttamarahatāti me sutaṁ:

This was said by the Blessed One, said by the Arahant, as I have heard:

“Tīṇimāni, bhikkhave, akusalamūlāni. Katamāni tīṇi? Lobho akusalamūlaṁ, doso akusalamūlaṁ, moho akusalamūlaṁ imāni kho, bhikkhave, tīṇi akusalamūlānī”ti.

“There are these three roots of the unwholesome, bhikkhus. What are the three? |Greed::a grasping mental quality of craving, possessiveness, or lustful wanting that clings to objects or experiences; it fuels attachment and obstructs renunciation and contentment [lobha]| is a root of the unwholesome, |aversion::ill will, hatred, hostility, mental attitude of rejection, fault-finding, resentful disapproval [dosa]| is a root of the unwholesome, |illusion::delusion, erroneous belief, false idea, misapprehension; it fuels further confusion and doubt [moha]| is a root of the unwholesome. These, bhikkhus, are the three roots of the unwholesome.”

Etamatthaṁ bhagavā avoca. Tatthetaṁ iti vuccati:

The Blessed One spoke on this matter. In this regard, it is said:

“Lobho doso ca moho ca,
purisaṁ pāpacetasaṁ;
Hiṁsanti attasambhūtā,
tacasāraṁva samphalan”ti.

“Greed, aversion, and illusion,
afflict the person with a |corrupt mind::evil-minded, a mind with defilements [pāpacetasa]|;
They arise from within and harm him,
like a banana tree being destroyed by its own fruit.”

Ayampi attho vutto bhagavatā, iti me sutanti.

This matter too was spoken by the Blessed One, as I have heard.

This was said by the Blessed One, said by the Arahant, as I have heard:

“There are these three roots of the unwholesome, bhikkhus. What are the three? |Greed::a grasping mental quality of craving, possessiveness, or lustful wanting that clings to objects or experiences; it fuels attachment and obstructs renunciation and contentment [lobha]| is a root of the unwholesome, |aversion::ill will, hatred, hostility, mental attitude of rejection, fault-finding, resentful disapproval [dosa]| is a root of the unwholesome, |illusion::delusion, erroneous belief, false idea, misapprehension; it fuels further confusion and doubt [moha]| is a root of the unwholesome. These, bhikkhus, are the three roots of the unwholesome.”

The Blessed One spoke on this matter. In this regard, it is said:

“Greed, aversion, and illusion,
afflict the person with a |corrupt mind::evil-minded, a mind with defilements [pāpacetasa]|;
They arise from within and harm him,
like a banana tree being destroyed by its own fruit.”

This matter too was spoken by the Blessed One, as I have heard.

Vuttañhetaṁ bhagavatā vuttamarahatāti me sutaṁ:

“Tīṇimāni, bhikkhave, akusalamūlāni. Katamāni tīṇi? Lobho akusalamūlaṁ, doso akusalamūlaṁ, moho akusalamūlaṁ imāni kho, bhikkhave, tīṇi akusalamūlānī”ti.

Etamatthaṁ bhagavā avoca. Tatthetaṁ iti vuccati:

“Lobho doso ca moho ca,
purisaṁ pāpacetasaṁ;
Hiṁsanti attasambhūtā,
tacasāraṁva samphalan”ti.

Ayampi attho vutto bhagavatā, iti me sutanti.

Last updated on September 13, 2025

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