The Buddha describes the three elements - 1.) form element, 2.) formless element, and 3.) element of cessation.

ITI 51  Dhātu sutta - Elements

Vuttañhetaṁ bhagavatā vuttamarahatāti me sutaṁ:

This was said by the Blessed One, said by the Awakened One, as I have heard:

“Tisso imā, bhikkhave, dhātuyo. Katamā tisso? Rūpadhātu, arūpadhātu, nirodhadhātuimā kho, bhikkhave, tisso dhātuyo”ti.

“There are these three elements|, bhikkhus.::::.| What are the three? The |form element::objects of vision, materials, including the realm and objects of subtle materiality [rūpadhātu]|, the |formless element::states not rooted in materiality, including mental realms and meditative attainments beyond physical form [arūpadhātu]| and the |element of cessation::the complete ending of conditioned phenomena, including the cessation of perception and what is felt, leading to Nibbāna [nirodhadhātu]|. These|, bhikkhus,::::| are the three elements.”

Etamatthaṁ bhagavā avoca. Tatthetaṁ iti vuccati:

The Blessed One spoke on this matter. In this regard, it is said:

“Rūpadhātuṁ pariññāya,
āruppesu asaṇṭhitā;
Nirodhe ye vimuccanti,
te janā maccuhāyino.

“|Completely comprehending::fully understanding [pariññāya]| the element of form,
and |not caught in::not fixed in, not attached to [asaṇṭhita]| the formless states,
those who are freed through cessation
are the ones |who have gone beyond death::who have transcended mortality [maccuhāyino]|.

Kāyena amataṁ dhātuṁ,
phusayitvā nirūpadhiṁ;
Upadhippaṭinissaggaṁ,
sacchikatvā anāsavo;
Deseti sammāsambuddho,
asokaṁ virajaṁ padan”ti.

Having touched the |deathless::deathless state, epithet of Nibbāna [amata]| element with the body,
experiencing the state |free from attachment::free from grasping, not taking as mine, not appropriating; lit. not placing near [nirūpadhi]|,
and realizing the |relinquishing of acquisition::abandoning of identification [upadhippaṭinissagga]|,
free from the taints,
the |perfectly Awakened One::fully awakened being, fully enlightened being [sammāsambuddha]| teaches
the sorrow-free, |unblemished::pure, stainless [viraja]| state.”

Ayampi attho vutto bhagavatā, iti me sutanti.

This matter too was spoken by the Blessed One, as I have heard.

Qualities:

Ending

Ending

The complete exhaustion and ending of craving, aversion, and delusion—the three roots of suffering. It refers to both the gradual wearing away of defilements through practice and the final cessation that constitutes Nibbāna.

Also known as: cessation, exhaustion, gradual ending, wearing away
Pāli: khaya, khīṇa, nirodha
View all discourses →
Formless

Formless

A meditative domain that transcends all perception of material form, progressing through the bases of infinite space, infinite consciousness, nothingness, and neither-perception-nor-non-perception. These states represent refined levels of collectedness beyond attachment to physical phenomena.

Also known as: immaterial, surpassing forms
Pāli: arūpa
View all discourses →
Free from attachment

Free from attachment

Release from grasping, not taking anything as “me” or “mine,” ceasing to appropriate or identify with people, things, views, or experiences.

Also known as: free from grasping, not appropriating, not taking as mine, without acquisitions, not clinging, not grasping, not holding onto
Pāli: nirūpadhi, nānupādāya, asita, anuggaha
View all discourses →
Sorrow-free

Sorrow-free

A serene balance of mind that is untroubled by loss or change. It allows the mind’s natural clarity to surface when freed from clinging.

Also known as: free from sadness, without grief
Pāli: asoka, visoka
View all discourses →

Last updated on May 17, 2026