The Buddha describes the three elements - 1.) form element, 2.) formless element, and 3.) element of cessation.

PTS 45

ITI 51 Dhātu sutta - Elements

Vuttañhetaṁ bhagavatā vuttamarahatāti me sutaṁ:

This was said by the Blessed One, said by the Awakened One, as I have heard:

“Tisso imā, bhikkhave, dhātuyo. Katamā tisso? Rūpadhātu, arūpadhātu, nirodhadhātu—imā kho, bhikkhave, tisso dhātuyo”ti.

“There are these three elements. What are the three? The form element, the formless element and the element of cessation. These are the three elements.”

Etamatthaṁ bhagavā avoca. Tatthetaṁ iti vuccati:

The Blessed One spoke on this matter. In this regard, it is said:

“Rūpadhātuṁ pariññāya,
āruppesu asaṇṭhitā;
Nirodhe ye vimuccanti,
te janā maccuhāyino.

“Completely comprehending the element of form,
and not caught in the formless states,
those who are freed through cessation
are the ones who have gone beyond death.

Kāyena amataṁ dhātuṁ,
phusayitvā nirūpadhiṁ;
Upadhippaṭinissaggaṁ,
sacchikatvā anāsavo;
Deseti sammāsambuddho,
asokaṁ virajaṁ padan”ti.

Having touched the deathless element with the body,
experiencing the state free from attachment,
and realizing the relinquishing of acquisition,
free from the taints,
the perfectly Awakened One teaches
the sorrow-free, unblemished state.”

Ayampi attho vutto bhagavatā, iti me sutanti.

This matter too was spoken by the Blessed One, as I have heard.

Qualities:

Ending

Ending

The complete exhaustion and ending of craving, aversion, and delusion—the three roots of suffering. It refers to both the gradual wearing away of defilements through practice and the final cessation that constitutes Nibbāna.

Also known as: cessation, exhaustion, gradual ending, wearing away
Pāli: khaya, khīṇa, nirodha
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Formless

Formless

A meditative domain that transcends all perception of material form, progressing through the bases of infinite space, infinite consciousness, nothingness, and neither-perception-nor-non-perception. These states represent refined levels of collectedness beyond attachment to physical phenomena.

Also known as: immaterial, surpassing forms
Pāli: arūpa
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Free from attachment

Free from attachment

Release from grasping, not taking anything as “me” or “mine,” ceasing to appropriate or identify with people, things, views, or experiences.

Also known as: free from grasping, not appropriating, not taking as mine, without acquisitions, not clinging, not grasping, not holding onto
Pāli: nirūpadhi, nānupādāya, asita, anuggaha
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Sorrow-free

Sorrow-free

A serene balance of mind that is untroubled by loss or change. It allows the mind’s natural clarity to surface when freed from clinging.

Also known as: free from sadness, without grief
Pāli: asoka, visoka
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Last updated on September 29, 2026

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