The Buddha describes the five powers of a trainee—faith, conscience, prudence, energy, and wisdom—that support a mendicant on the path.

AN 5.12 Peak

“Pañcimāni, bhikkhave, sekhabalāni. Katamāni pañca? Saddhābalaṁ, hirībalaṁ, ottappabalaṁ, vīriyabalaṁ, paññābalaṁ imāni kho, bhikkhave, pañca sekhabalāni. Imesaṁ kho, bhikkhave, pañcannaṁ sekhabalānaṁ etaṁ aggaṁ etaṁ saṅgāhikaṁ etaṁ saṅghātaniyaṁ, yadidaṁ paññābalaṁ.

Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, kūṭāgārassa etaṁ aggaṁ etaṁ saṅgāhikaṁ etaṁ saṅghātaniyaṁ, yadidaṁ kūṭaṁ. Evamevaṁ kho, bhikkhave, imesaṁ pañcannaṁ sekhabalānaṁ etaṁ aggaṁ etaṁ saṅgāhikaṁ etaṁ saṅghātaniyaṁ, yadidaṁ paññābalaṁ.

Tasmātiha, bhikkhave, evaṁ sikkhitabbaṁ: ‘saddhābalena samannāgatā bhavissāma sekhabalena, hirībalenaottappabalenavīriyabalenapaññābalena samannāgatā bhavissāma sekhabalenā’ti. Evañhi vo, bhikkhave, sikkhitabban”ti.

Dutiyaṁ.

Reference Translation by Bhikkhu Sujato (CC0).

“Pañcimāni, bhikkhave, sekhabalāni.

“Mendicants, there are these five powers of a trainee.

Katamāni pañca?

What five?

Saddhābalaṁ, hirībalaṁ, ottappabalaṁ, vīriyabalaṁ, paññābalaṁ

The powers of faith, conscience, prudence, energy, and wisdom.

imāni kho, bhikkhave, pañca sekhabalāni.

These are the five powers of a trainee.

Imesaṁ kho, bhikkhave, pañcannaṁ sekhabalānaṁ etaṁ aggaṁ etaṁ saṅgāhikaṁ etaṁ saṅghātaniyaṁ, yadidaṁ paññābalaṁ.

Of these five powers of a trainee, the power of wisdom is the chief. It holds and binds everything together.

Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, kūṭāgārassa etaṁ aggaṁ etaṁ saṅgāhikaṁ etaṁ saṅghātaniyaṁ, yadidaṁ kūṭaṁ.

It’s like a bungalow. The roof-peak is the chief point, which holds and binds everything together.

Evamevaṁ kho, bhikkhave, imesaṁ pañcannaṁ sekhabalānaṁ etaṁ aggaṁ etaṁ saṅgāhikaṁ etaṁ saṅghātaniyaṁ, yadidaṁ paññābalaṁ.

In the same way, of these five powers of a trainee, the power of wisdom is the chief. It holds and binds everything together.

Tasmātiha, bhikkhave, evaṁ sikkhitabbaṁ:

So you should train like this:

‘saddhābalena samannāgatā bhavissāma sekhabalena, hirībalenaottappabalenavīriyabalenapaññābalena samannāgatā bhavissāma sekhabalenā’ti.

‘We will have the trainee’s powers of faith, conscience, prudence, energy, and wisdom.’

Evañhi vo, bhikkhave, sikkhitabban”ti.

That’s how you should train.”

Dutiyaṁ.

Qualities:

Conscience

Conscience

An inner moral sensitivity that shrinks from wrongdoing out of self-respect and personal integrity. It is the voice within that knows what is beneath one's dignity, guarding conduct through an inward standard of honor.

Also known as: with sense of right and wrong, sense of shame, modesty, (comm) originating from inside
Pāli: hirī
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Faith

Faith

Confidence in the Buddha's awakening and the efficacy of the path. It brightens and steadies the mind, removing doubt and inspiring energy toward wholesome practice. True faith rests on clarity and direct experience rather than mere belief.

Also known as: confidence, trust, belief, conviction, self-assurance
Pāli: saddha, pasanna
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Vigour

Vigour

Energetic effort and resilience in practice. It is the refusal to shrink back, the 'uphill' force that initiates and sustains wholesome actions against the gravity of habit.

Also known as: energy, effort, enthusiasm, zeal, application of will, persistence
Pāli: vīriya
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Wisdom

Wisdom

Lived understanding and sound judgment that steers the mind away from suffering, distinct from mere accumulation of facts.

Also known as: (of a person) wise, astute, intelligent, learned, skilled, firm, stable, steadfast, an experiential understanding of the four noble truths
Pāli: paññā, medhā, dhīra, paṇḍita, asammūḷha
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Last updated on July 27, 2026