The Buddha describes the foremost of his bhikkhu disciples in various categories.

AN 1.198-208  Dutiya Etadagga vagga - The Chapter on the Foremost (Second)

1.198

“Etadaggaṁ, bhikkhave, mama sāvakānaṁ bhikkhūnaṁ manomayaṁ kāyaṁ abhinimminantānaṁ yadidaṁ cūḷapanthako.

“Bhikkhus, the |foremost::chief, best [agga]| of my bhikkhu disciples among those |creating::fashioning, forming [abhinimminanta]| a mind-made body is |Cūḷapanthaka::foremost disciple of the Buddha in creating a mind-made body [cūḷapanthaka]|.

1.199

Cetovivaṭṭakusalānaṁ yadidaṁ cūḷapanthako.

Bhikkhus, the foremost of my bhikkhu disciples among those |skilled in mental transformation::skilled in the evolution (lit. turning apart [vivaṭṭa]) of mind. According to the commentary (Mp-ṭ), this means mastery in directing and refining collectedness (samādhi) — the capacity to move the mind from a lesser calm to a greater calm, from a coarse collectedness to one more refined. [cetovivaṭṭakusala]| is Cūḷapanthaka.

1.200

Saññāvivaṭṭakusalānaṁ yadidaṁ mahāpanthako.

Bhikkhus, the foremost of my bhikkhu disciples among those |skilled in the transformation of perception::skilled in the evolution (lit. turning apart [vivaṭṭa]) of perception. The commentary (Mp-ṭ) explains this as the ability to refine or shift perception, to go beyond coarse perceptions of form and multiplicity toward subtler perceptions leading to peace. [saññāvivaṭṭakusala]| is |Mahāpanthaka::foremost disciple of the Buddha among those skilled in the transformation of perception [mahāpanthaka]|.

1.201

Araṇavihārīnaṁ yadidaṁ subhūti.

Bhikkhus, the foremost of my bhikkhu disciples among those who |dwell without conflict::dwell harmlessly [araṇavihārī]| is |Subhūti::foremost disciple of the Buddha in dwelling without conflict and worthy of offerings [subhūti]|.[1]

1.202

Dakkhiṇeyyānaṁ yadidaṁ subhūti.

Bhikkhus, the foremost of my bhikkhu disciples among those who is worthy of offerings is Subhūti.

1.203

Āraññakānaṁ yadidaṁ revato khadiravaniyo.

Bhikkhus, the foremost of my bhikkhu disciples among forest dwellers is Revata of the Acacia forest.[2]

1.204

Jhāyīnaṁ yadidaṁ kaṅkhārevato.

Bhikkhus, the foremost of my bhikkhu disciples among |meditators::yogis [jhāyi]| is Revata the doubter.

1.205

Āraddhavīriyānaṁ yadidaṁ soṇo koḷiviso.

Bhikkhus, the foremost of my bhikkhu disciples among those |with energy aroused::with initiative [āraddhavīriya]| is Soṇa Koḷivisa.[3]

1.206

Kalyāṇavākkaraṇānaṁ yadidaṁ soṇo kuṭikaṇṇo.

Bhikkhus, the foremost of my bhikkhu disciples among those who speak eloquently is Soṇa Kuṭikaṇṇa.[4]

1.207

Lābhīnaṁ yadidaṁ sīvali.

Bhikkhus, the foremost of my bhikkhu disciples among those who make gains is Sīvali.

1.208

Saddhādhimuttānaṁ yadidaṁ vakkalī”ti.

Bhikkhus, the foremost of my bhikkhu disciples among those unwavering in confidence is Vakkali.[5]

[1] Per the commentary, venerable Subhūti was Anāthapiṇḍika’s younger brother and went forth on the day Jetavana Monastery was dedicated to the Buddha. He attained arahantship through developing insight grounded in loving-kindness. Before giving Dhamma teachings or receiving alms, he would first enter collectedness through loving-kindness and then emerge. The Buddha praised him for his peaceful conduct and for living “without contention toward anyone.”

[2] Per the commentary, venerable Revata of the Acacia forest is the youngest brother of the venerable Sāriputta. Compelled by his mother to marry when still young, he ran away and received ordination.

[3] The story of Soṇa Koḷivisa’s awakening is at AN 6.55.

[4] Soṇa Kuṭikaṇṇa’s story is told in Ud5.6. He was praised by the Buddha for his well enunciated recitation of the Aṭṭhakavagga (SnP 4 discourses).

[5] Vakkali’s story is mentioned in SN 22.87.

Topics & Qualities:

Perception

Perception

The mental process of recognizing and giving meaning to experience. It marks sensory information by signs, labels, or associations drawn from memory and the field of contact. Perception shapes how one experiences the world. It is the third of the five aggregates.

Also known as: recognition, conception
Pāli: sañña
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Collectedness

Collectedness

A mental quality of composure where awareness is gathered, steady, rather than scattered or tense. In such collectedness, supported by mindfulness and right view, experience is clearly known and can be wisely contemplated.

Also known as: mental composure, stability of mind, stillness of mind, concentration, undistracted awareness
Pāli: jhāna, samādhi, samāhita, susamāhita, sammāsamādhi
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Faith

Faith

Confidence in the Buddha's awakening and the efficacy of the path. It brightens and steadies the mind, removing doubt and inspiring energy toward wholesome practice. True faith rests on clarity and direct experience rather than mere belief.

Also known as: confidence, trust, belief, conviction
Pāli: saddha, pasanna
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Rousing of energy

Rousing of energy

The arousing of effort and determination in body and mind. It begins with confidence and reflection on purpose, stirring energy for wholesome action.

Also known as: determination, being energetic, taking initiative, making a mental decision to act
Pāli: vīriyārambha, āraddhavīriya, uṭṭhānavant, atandita, pahitatta
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Solitude

Solitude

Physical seclusion from crowds and mental seclusion from unwholesome states. It provides the quietude necessary for the mind to settle, detach from worldly entanglements, and develop deep collectedness.

Also known as: seclusion, privacy, aloofness, non-association
Pāli: viveka, asaṃsaṭṭha
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Last updated on November 29, 2025