The Buddha advises Pasūra on the futility of debate and the danger of conceit. Seeking praise, one finds only pride in victory or humiliation in defeat. This whole cycle of elation and dejection is fruitless, bringing no true benefit beyond fleeting praise and gain.

SNP 4.8  Pasūra sutta - To Pasūra

Idheva suddhī iti vādayanti,
Nāññesu dhammesu visuddhimāhu;
Yaṁ nissitā tattha subhaṁ vadānā,
Paccekasaccesu puthū niviṭṭhā.

They declare, ‘Purity is found here alone,’
claiming there is no purification in other doctrines;
Whatever they depend on, asserting it as |good::beautiful, excellent [subha]|,
many are |established in::entrenched in, settled down in [niviṭṭha]| [their own] |separate truths::personal interpretations of the truth [paccekasacca]|.

Te vādakāmā parisaṁ vigayha,
Bālaṁ dahantī mithu aññamaññaṁ;
Vadanti te aññasitā kathojjaṁ,
Pasaṁsakāmā kusalā vadānā.

Those |eager for debate::desiring dispute, wanting an argument [vādakāma]|, |diving into::plunging into [vigayha]| the assembly,
mutually they consider one another fools;
|Reliant on others’ view::dependent on another [aññasita]|, they argue,
|desiring praise::seeking acclaim, wanting approval [pasaṁsakāma]|, saying, ‘we are experts.’

Yutto kathāyaṁ parisāya majjhe,
Pasaṁsamicchaṁ vinighāti hoti;
Apāhatasmiṁ pana maṅku hoti,
Nindāya so kuppati randhamesī.

Keen on speaking in the midst of an assembly,
|desiring::wishing for [iccha]| praise, he becomes |anxious::apprehensive [vinighāti]|;
When refuted, he feels |humiliated::ashamed, embarrassed [maṅku]|,
|shaken::agitated, disturbed [kuppati]| by |blame::criticism, disapproval [nindā]|, he |seeks faults in others::looks for a weak-spot in his opponent [randhamesī]|.

Yamassa vādaṁ parihīnamāhu,
Apāhataṁ pañhavimaṁsakāse;
Paridevati socati hīnavādo,
Upaccagā manti anutthunāti.

When their argument is found wanting,
and the judges consider it refuted;
The defeated debater |laments::mourns, wails [paridevati]| in |sorrow::grief [socati]|,
thinking, ‘I have been surpassed,’ he moans.

Ete vivādā samaṇesu jātā,
Etesu ugghātinighāti hoti;
Etampi disvā virame kathojjaṁ,
Na haññadatthatthi pasaṁsalābhā.

These |dispute::argument, contention [vivāda]|s have arisen among ascetics,
in these, there is both elation and dejection;
Also seeing this, one should refrain from debates,
for there is no other benefit than |praise::approval, acclaim, admiration [pasaṁsa]| and |gain::benefit, profit [lābha]|.

Pasaṁsito pana tattha hoti,
Akkhāya vādaṁ parisāya majjhe;
So hassatī unnamatī ca tena,
Pappuyya tamatthaṁ yathā mano ahu.

If, however, he is praised there,
having declared his doctrine before the assembly;
He is |elated::thrilled [hassatī]| by this and swells with |pride::arrogance, conceit, self-importance [unnamatī]|,
having obtained the end his mind desired.

unnatī sāssa vighātabhūmi,
Mānātimānaṁ vadate paneso;
Etampi disvā na vivādayetha,
Na hi tena suddhiṁ kusalā vadanti.

That pride becomes the |ground for his downfall::basis for his ruin [vighātabhūmi]|,
filled with |conceit::self-view expressed as comparison—seeing oneself as superior, inferior, or equal; the persistent “I am” conceit (asmimāna) that underlies identification and fuels rebirth [māna]|, he speaks arrogantly;
Having seen this too, one should not |dispute::cause quarrel, start argument [vivādayati]|,
for the wise say this does not bring |purity::purification, holiness [suddhi]|.

Sūro yathā rājakhādāya puṭṭho,
Abhigajjameti paṭisūramicchaṁ;
Yeneva so tena palehi sūra,
Pubbeva natthi yadidaṁ yudhāya.

Just as a hero, nourished on the king’s food,
strides forth roaring, craving a foe;
By that same urge, hero, withdraw instead,
for there was no prior reason for this |fight::combat, contest [yudha]|.

Ye diṭṭhimuggayha vivādayanti,
Idameva saccanti ca vādayanti;
Te tvaṁ vadassū na hi tedha atthi,
Vādamhi jāte paṭisenikattā.

Those who |cling to their views::grasp at an opinion [diṭṭhimuggayha]| and argue,
saying ‘this alone is true,’ and disputing;
Tell them, “There’s no point in that,”
for with debate arises a |debater::lit. opposition-maker [paṭisenikattar]|.

Visenikatvā pana ye caranti,
Diṭṭhīhi diṭṭhiṁ avirujjhamānā;
Tesu tvaṁ kiṁ labhetho pasūra,
Yesīdha natthī paramuggahītaṁ.

But those wander |having disarmed::at peace; (comm) having destroyed the army of defilements [visenikatvā]|,
not opposing one view with another;
What can you gain from them, |Pasūra::name of a wandering ascetic famed for debate [pasūra]|,
from those who have |grasped nothing as supreme::held nothing to be the highest, not taken anything as the best [natthī + paramuggahīta]|?

Atha tvaṁ pavitakkamāgamā,
Manasā diṭṭhigatāni cintayanto;
Dhonena yugaṁ samāgamā,
Na hi tvaṁ sakkhasi sampayātaveti.

But you, approaching through mere |speculation::reasoning, hypothesizing, theorizing [pavitakka]|,
pondering doctrines within your mind;
Having met the pure one [in contest],
You indeed cannot prevail.

Qualities:

Free from attachment

Free from attachment

Release from grasping, not taking anything as “me” or “mine,” ceasing to appropriate or identify with people, things, views, or experiences.

Also known as: free from grasping, not appropriating, not taking as mine, without acquisitions, not clinging, not grasping, not holding onto
Pāli: nirūpadhi, nānupādāya, asita, anuggaha
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Anxiety

Anxiety

A fluttering, unsettled state of mind, worried about past or future and unsure what is right to do. It keeps the mind circling around concerns without resolution, weakening confidence and obscuring calm discernment.

Also known as: agitation, confusion about what is right and wrong, distress, fickleness, fidgetiness, edginess, restlessness, wavering, worry
Pāli: kukkucca, uddhacca, darathaja
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Argumentativeness

Argumentativeness

Disposition or tendency to argue, disagree or engage in contention, often motivated by conceit or attachment to views. It obstructs harmony and feeds quarrels, rivalry, and feuding.

Also known as: bickering, contentiousness, contrariness, quarrelsomeness, Lead to:{aggressiveness, feuding}
Pāli: kalaha, viggaha, vivāda
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Attachment

Attachment

A mental fastening onto people, things, views, or states as “me” or “mine,” unwilling to release them. This clinging can give a sense of security and sweetness.

Also known as: acquisition, bond, clinging, grasping, holding on, possession, entanglement, bound, connected, taking as mine
Pāli: upadhi, upādāna, sakiñcana, mamatta
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Aversion

Aversion

A rejecting mental quality rooted in perception, where one instinctively turns away from or resists unpleasant experiences or objects; it manifests as a tendency to push away discomfort, obstructing patience and acceptance.

Also known as: animosity, hate, hostility, fault-finding mindset, upset
Pāli: dosa, paṭighasaññā, vera
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Conceit

Conceit

Self-view expressed as comparison—seeing oneself as superior, inferior, or equal; the persistent “I am” conceit (asmimāna) that underlies identification and fuels rebirth

Also known as: arrogance, egotism, pride, self-importance, tendency of self-comparison
Pāli: māna, atimāna, unnaḷa
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Elation

Elation

An excited, buoyant mental state that leaps up in response to pleasant circumstances. When ungrounded, it can tip into agitation or set the stage for disappointment when conditions change.

Also known as: exhilaration, joyous excitement, thrill, lit. jumping up
Pāli: hassatī, uppila
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Feuding

Feuding

An entrenched pattern of opposition and rivalry where parties seek to prevail over one another. It sustains hostility, disturbs peace, and obstructs harmony in community.

Also known as: competitiveness, contentiousness, quarreling, rivalry, opposition, struggle, conflict
Pāli: paḷāsa
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Greed

Greed

A grasping mental quality of craving, possessiveness, or lustful wanting that clings to objects or experiences; it fuels attachment and obstructs renunciation and contentment

Also known as: acquisitiveness, avarice, covetousness, rapacity, money grabbing, grabbiness
Pāli: lobha, gedha
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Lamentation

Lamentation

The verbal and bodily expression of grief—crying, wailing, and mourning—that arises from loss or separation from what is held dear. It gives voice to sorrow and can deepen the mind's entanglement with pain.

Also known as: crying, wailing, mourning
Pāli: parideva
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Perturbation

Perturbation

The shaking or agitation of the mind caused by defilements. It is the loss of stillness when the mind is stirred by gain or loss, praise or blame, pleasure or pain.

Also known as: agitation, disturbance, excitement, being stirred up, lit. shaking
Pāli: kopa, uddhacca, āvila, paritassati
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Sorrow

Sorrow

Grief or sadness that follows loss or disappointment, dimming the mind’s natural brightness. It clouds clear perception.

Also known as: grief
Pāli: soka, socati
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Speculation

Speculation

A form of discursive thought that wanders into conjecture and theorizing, disconnected from direct experience. It involves moving from one idea to another through logic and argument, and is often rooted in unwise attention. Speculation can further proliferate into views and opinions.

Also known as: analytical thinking disconnected from direct experience, conjecture, discursive reasoning, theorizing, hypothesis-making, reasoned reflection
Pāli: takka, kappa
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Last updated on December 16, 2025