Evaṁ me sutaṁ—ekaṁ samayaṁ bhagavā sakkesu viharati kapilavatthusmiṁ nigrodhārāme.
Thus have I heard—At one time, the Blessed One was residing among the Sakyans in |Kapilavatthu::name of the capital city of the Sakyans, the birthplace of the Buddha [kapilavatthu]|, in the Banyan Park.
Atha kho mahānāmo sakko yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṁ abhivādetvā ekamantaṁ nisīdi. Ekamantaṁ nisinno kho mahānāmo sakko bhagavantaṁ etadavoca: “dīgharattāhaṁ, bhante, bhagavatā evaṁ dhammaṁ desitaṁ ājānāmi: ‘lobho cittassa upakkileso, doso cittassa upakkileso, moho cittassa upakkileso’ti. Evañcāhaṁ, bhante, bhagavatā dhammaṁ desitaṁ ājānāmi: ‘lobho cittassa upakkileso, doso cittassa upakkileso, moho cittassa upakkileso’ti. Atha ca pana me ekadā lobhadhammāpi cittaṁ pariyādāya tiṭṭhanti, dosadhammāpi cittaṁ pariyādāya tiṭṭhanti, mohadhammāpi cittaṁ pariyādāya tiṭṭhanti. Tassa mayhaṁ, bhante, evaṁ hoti: ‘kosu nāma me dhammo ajjhattaṁ appahīno yena me ekadā lobhadhammāpi cittaṁ pariyādāya tiṭṭhanti, dosadhammāpi cittaṁ pariyādāya tiṭṭhanti, mohadhammāpi cittaṁ pariyādāya tiṭṭhantī’”ti.
Then, Mahānāma the Sakyan approached the Blessed One; having drawn near, he paid homage to the Blessed One and sat down to one side. Seated to one side, Mahānāma the Sakyan said to the Blessed One: “For a long time, venerable sir, I have understood the |Dhamma::teachings of the Buddha that point to the nature of reality, the ultimate truth [dhamma]| taught by the Blessed One in this way: ‘|Greed::a grasping mental quality of craving, possessiveness, or lustful wanting that clings to objects or experiences; it fuels attachment and obstructs renunciation and contentment [lobha]| is an |impurity::blemish, flaw, imperfection [upakkilesa]| that defiles the mind, |aversion::ill will, hatred, hostility, mental attitude of rejection, fault-finding, resentful disapproval [dosa]| is an impurity that defiles the mind, |illusion::delusion, erroneous belief, false idea, misapprehension; it fuels further confusion and doubt [moha]| is an impurity that defiles the mind.’ Yet while I understand the Dhamma taught by the Blessed One thus, there are times when greed |occupies::obsesses, controls [pariyādāya]| and remains in my mind, aversion occupies and remains in my mind, illusion occupies and remains in my mind. I have wondered, venerable sir: ‘What quality within me has not yet been abandoned, by reason of which, there are times when greed, aversion, and illusion occupy and remain in my mind.’”
“So eva kho te, mahānāma, dhammo ajjhattaṁ appahīno yena te ekadā lobhadhammāpi cittaṁ pariyādāya tiṭṭhanti, dosadhammāpi cittaṁ pariyādāya tiṭṭhanti, mohadhammāpi cittaṁ pariyādāya tiṭṭhanti. So ca hi te, mahānāma, dhammo ajjhattaṁ pahīno abhavissa, na tvaṁ agāraṁ ajjhāvaseyyāsi, na kāme paribhuñjeyyāsi. Yasmā ca kho te, mahānāma, so eva dhammo ajjhattaṁ appahīno tasmā tvaṁ agāraṁ ajjhāvasasi, kāme paribhuñjasi.
“There is, Mahānāma, still a quality within you that has |not been abandoned::not been given up, not been removed [appahīna]|, on account of which, at times, greed occupies and remains in your mind, aversion occupies and remains in your mind, illusion occupies and remains in your mind. For if that quality had truly been abandoned, Mahānāma, you would not be living the household life, nor would you be enjoying sensual pleasures. It is precisely because that quality remains unremoved within you that you continue to live the household life and enjoy sensual pleasures.
‘Appassādā kāmā bahudukkhā bahupāyāsā, ādīnavo ettha bhiyyo’ti—iti cepi, mahānāma, ariyasāvakassa yathābhūtaṁ sammappaññāya sudiṭṭhaṁ hoti, so ca aññatreva kāmehi aññatra akusalehi dhammehi pītisukhaṁ nādhigacchati, aññaṁ vā tato santataraṁ; atha kho so neva tāva anāvaṭṭī kāmesu hoti. Yato ca kho, mahānāma, ariyasāvakassa ‘appassādā kāmā bahudukkhā bahupāyāsā, ādīnavo ettha bhiyyo’ti—evametaṁ yathābhūtaṁ sammappaññāya sudiṭṭhaṁ hoti, so ca aññatreva kāmehi aññatra akusalehi dhammehi pītisukhaṁ adhigacchati aññaṁ vā tato santataraṁ; atha kho so anāvaṭṭī kāmesu hoti.
‘Even if, Mahānāma, a noble disciple has clearly seen |as it truly is::as it has come to be, in reality [yathābhūta]| with proper wisdom that sensual pleasures provide little |gratification::satisfaction, pleasure, enjoyment, sweetness [assāda]|, are fraught with much |suffering::discomfort, unpleasantness, discontentment, dissatisfaction, stress, pain, disease, i.e. mild or intense suffering [dukkha]| and despair, and that their |drawback::disadvantage, unsatisfactoriness, inadequacy, danger [ādīnava]| is even greater—yet if he does not attain the |joy and happiness::joyful pleasure associated with the first and second jhāna. You can read more on the factors of a jhāna in [AN 5.28](/an5.28) discourse. [pītisukha]| that is apart from sensual pleasures, apart from |unwholesome::unhealthy, unskillful, unbeneficial, or karmically unprofitable [akusala]| mental states, or to something more peaceful than that, then he has not yet turned away from sensual pleasures. But when, Mahānāma, a noble disciple has clearly seen as it truly is with proper wisdom that sensual pleasures provide little gratification, are fraught with much suffering and despair, and that their drawback is even greater—and he attains the joy and happiness that is apart from sensual pleasures, apart from unwholesome mental states, or to something more peaceful than that, it is then that he no longer returns to sensual pleasures.
Mayhampi kho, mahānāma, pubbeva sambodhā, anabhisambuddhassa bodhisattasseva sato, ‘appassādā kāmā bahudukkhā bahupāyāsā, ādīnavo ettha bhiyyo’ti—evametaṁ yathābhūtaṁ sammappaññāya sudiṭṭhaṁ hoti, so ca aññatreva kāmehi aññatra akusalehi dhammehi pītisukhaṁ nājjhagamaṁ, aññaṁ vā tato santataraṁ; atha khvāhaṁ neva tāva anāvaṭṭī kāmesu paccaññāsiṁ. Yato ca kho me, mahānāma, ‘appassādā kāmā bahudukkhā bahupāyāsā, ādīnavo ettha bhiyyo’ti—evametaṁ yathābhūtaṁ sammappaññāya sudiṭṭhaṁ ahosi, so ca aññatreva kāmehi aññatra akusalehi dhammehi pītisukhaṁ ajjhagamaṁ, aññaṁ vā tato santataraṁ; athāhaṁ anāvaṭṭī kāmesu paccaññāsiṁ.
Before my full awakening, while I was still a |bodhisatta::Buddha before his awakening, aspirant Buddha [bodhisatta]|, I too clearly saw as it truly is with proper wisdom that sensual pleasures provide little gratification, are fraught with much suffering and despair, and that their drawback is even greater, but as long as I still did not attain the joy and happiness that is apart from sensual pleasures, apart from unwholesome mental states, or to something more peaceful than that, I recognized that I could still be attracted to sensual pleasures. But when, Mahānāma, I clearly saw as it truly is with proper wisdom that sensual pleasures provide little gratification, are fraught with much suffering and despair, and that their drawback is even greater—and I attained the joy and happiness that is apart from sensual pleasures, apart from unwholesome mental states, or to something more peaceful than that, I recognized that I was no longer attracted to sensual pleasures.
Sensual Pleasures
Ko ca, mahānāma, kāmānaṁ assādo? Pañcime, mahānāma, kāmaguṇā. Katame pañca? Cakkhuviññeyyā rūpā iṭṭhā kantā manāpā piyarūpā kāmūpasaṁhitā rajanīyā, sotaviññeyyā saddā iṭṭhā kantā manāpā piyarūpā kāmūpasaṁhitā rajanīyā, ghānaviññeyyā gandhā iṭṭhā kantā manāpā piyarūpā kāmūpasaṁhitā rajanīyā, jivhāviññeyyā rasā iṭṭhā kantā manāpā piyarūpā kāmūpasaṁhitā rajanīyā, kāyaviññeyyā phoṭṭhabbā iṭṭhā kantā manāpā piyarūpā kāmūpasaṁhitā rajanīyā—ime kho, mahānāma, pañca kāmaguṇā. Yaṁ kho, mahānāma, ime pañca kāmaguṇe paṭicca uppajjati sukhaṁ somanassaṁ—ayaṁ kāmānaṁ assādo.
And what, Mahānāma, is the gratification in the case of sensual pleasures? Mahānāma, there are these five cords of sensual pleasure. What five? |Forms::visible objects such as beautiful sights, faces, expressions, art, ornaments, possessions, status symbols, admired appearances, enticing scenery, or objects of desire and attachment [rūpe]| cognizable by the eye that are desirable, lovely, agreeable, pleasing, sensual, and |enticing::arousing, tantalizing [rajanīya]|; |sounds::auditory experiences such as speech, music, praise, blame, ambient noise, verbal expression, or melodic tones—any sound that can stir emotion, craving for praise, aesthetic delight, or attachment to communication and identity [saddā]| cognizable by the ear that are desirable, lovely, agreeable, pleasing, sensual, and enticing; |odors::smells and fragrances experienced through the nose, including perfumes, flowers, food aromas, earth after rain, incense, or even stench—any olfactory experience that may evoke craving, aversion, nostalgia, comfort, or sensual pleasure [gandhā]| cognizable by the nose that are desirable, lovely, agreeable, pleasing, sensual, and enticing; |tastes::flavors experienced through the tongue such as sweetness, bitterness, sourness, saltiness, spiciness, richness, or subtle tastes like umami or astringency—any gustatory experience that can become an object of craving, indulgence, comfort, or sensory delight [rasā]| cognizable by the tongue that are desirable, lovely, agreeable, pleasing, sensual, and enticing; |tangible objects::tangible contact such as the feel of skin, warmth, softness, intimacy, physical affection, or sensations like massage, breath, water, air, pressure—anything felt through the body that can become an object of desire, arousal, comfort, or emotional attachment [phoṭṭhabba]| cognizable by the body that are desirable, lovely, agreeable, pleasing, sensual, and enticing. These, Mahānāma, are the five cords of sensual pleasure. Whatever |happiness::contentment, ease, pleasant abiding [sukha]| and |pleasure::gladness, joy, positive state of mind [somanassa]| arises dependent on the five cords of sensual pleasure—this is the gratification in the case of sensual pleasures.
Ko ca, mahānāma, kāmānaṁ ādīnavo? Idha, mahānāma, kulaputto yena sippaṭṭhānena jīvikaṁ kappeti—yadi muddāya yadi gaṇanāya yadi saṅkhānena yadi kasiyā yadi vaṇijjāya yadi gorakkhena yadi issatthena yadi rājaporisena yadi sippaññatarena, sītassa purakkhato uṇhassa purakkhato ḍaṁsamakasavātātapasarīsapasamphassehi rissamāno khuppipāsāya mīyamāno; ayampi, mahānāma, kāmānaṁ ādīnavo sandiṭṭhiko dukkhakkhandho kāmahetu kāmanidānaṁ kāmādhikaraṇaṁ kāmānameva hetu.
And what, Mahānāma, is the drawback in the case of sensual pleasures? Here, Mahānāma, a son of a good family, making his living by some profession—be it writing, calculation, accounting, farming, trade, cattle herding, archery, royal service, or some other craft—is afflicted by cold and heat, by contact with gadflies, mosquitoes, wind, sun, and creeping creatures, and he risks death by hunger and thirst. Now this is a drawback in the case of sensual pleasures, a mass of suffering visible here and now, having sensual pleasures as its cause, sensual pleasures as its source, sensual pleasures as its basis, the cause being simply sensual pleasures.
Tassa ce, mahānāma, kulaputtassa evaṁ uṭṭhahato ghaṭato vāyamato te bhogā nābhinipphajjanti, so socati kilamati paridevati urattāḷiṁ kandati sammohaṁ āpajjati ‘moghaṁ vata me uṭṭhānaṁ, aphalo vata me vāyāmo’ti. Ayampi, mahānāma, kāmānaṁ ādīnavo sandiṭṭhiko dukkhakkhandho kāmahetu kāmanidānaṁ kāmādhikaraṇaṁ kāmānameva hetu.
Now, Mahānāma, if despite his effort, striving, and exertion, wealth is not successfully attained, he |sorrows::grieves [socati]|, becomes exhausted, laments, beats his chest, wails, and falls into confusion: ‘My effort was in vain, my striving was fruitless!’ Now this too is a drawback in the case of sensual pleasures, a mass of suffering visible here and now, having sensual pleasures as its cause, sensual pleasures as its source, sensual pleasures as its basis, the cause being simply sensual pleasures.
Tassa ce, mahānāma, kulaputtassa evaṁ uṭṭhahato ghaṭato vāyamato te bhogā abhinipphajjanti. So tesaṁ bhogānaṁ ārakkhādhikaraṇaṁ dukkhaṁ domanassaṁ paṭisaṁvedeti: ‘kinti me bhoge neva rājāno hareyyuṁ, na corā hareyyuṁ, na aggi daheyya, na udakaṁ vaheyya, na appiyā vā dāyādā hareyyun’ti. Tassa evaṁ ārakkhato gopayato te bhoge rājāno vā haranti, corā vā haranti, aggi vā dahati, udakaṁ vā vahati, appiyā vā dāyādā haranti. So socati kilamati paridevati urattāḷiṁ kandati sammohaṁ āpajjati: ‘yampi me ahosi tampi no natthī’ti. Ayampi, mahānāma, kāmānaṁ ādīnavo sandiṭṭhiko dukkhakkhandho kāmahetu kāmanidānaṁ kāmādhikaraṇaṁ kāmānameva hetu.
If, Mahānāma, a son of a good family, through such effort, striving, and exertion, does obtain wealth, then he experiences pain and |mental distress::dejection, depression, unhappiness, grief, negative state of mind [domanassa]| over its protection: “How might I prevent my wealth from being taken by kings, or stolen by thieves, or destroyed by fire, or swept away by water, or seized by undesired heirs?” And even while he guards and protects that wealth, it may indeed be taken by kings, or stolen by thieves, or consumed by fire, or swept away by water, or seized by undesirable heirs. Then he sorrows, becomes exhausted, laments, beats his chest, wails, and falls into confusion: “What I had is no more!” Now this too is a drawback in the case of sensual pleasures—a mass of suffering visible here and now, with sensual pleasures as its cause, sensual pleasures as its source, sensual pleasures as its basis, the cause being simply sensual pleasures.
Puna caparaṁ, mahānāma, kāmahetu kāmanidānaṁ kāmādhikaraṇaṁ kāmānameva hetu rājānopi rājūhi vivadanti, khattiyāpi khattiyehi vivadanti, brāhmaṇāpi brāhmaṇehi vivadanti, gahapatīpi gahapatīhi vivadanti, mātāpi puttena vivadati, puttopi mātarā vivadati, pitāpi puttena vivadati, puttopi pitarā vivadati, bhātāpi bhātarā vivadati, bhātāpi bhaginiyā vivadati, bhaginīpi bhātarā vivadati, sahāyopi sahāyena vivadati. Te tattha kalahaviggahavivādāpannā aññamaññaṁ pāṇīhipi upakkamanti, leḍḍūhipi upakkamanti, daṇḍehipi upakkamanti, satthehipi upakkamanti. Te tattha maraṇampi nigacchanti, maraṇamattampi dukkhaṁ. Ayampi, mahānāma, kāmānaṁ ādīnavo sandiṭṭhiko dukkhakkhandho kāmahetu kāmanidānaṁ kāmādhikaraṇaṁ kāmānameva hetu.
Furthermore, Mahānāma, because of sensual pleasures, with sensual pleasures as the cause, source, and basis, kings quarrel with kings, nobles with nobles, brahmins with brahmins, householders with householders; a mother quarrels with her son, and a son with his mother; a father with his son, and a son with his father; a brother with his brother, a brother with his sister, a sister with her brother, a friend with a friend. In their disputes and conflicts, they attack one another with fists, with clods, with sticks, and with weapons, whereby they incur death or deadly suffering. Now this too is a drawback in the case of sensual pleasures—a mass of suffering visible here and now, caused by sensual pleasures, rooted in sensual pleasures, with sensual pleasures as its basis.
Puna caparaṁ, mahānāma, kāmahetu kāmanidānaṁ kāmādhikaraṇaṁ kāmānameva hetu asicammaṁ gahetvā, dhanukalāpaṁ sannayhitvā, ubhatobyūḷhaṁ saṅgāmaṁ pakkhandanti usūsupi khippamānesu, sattīsupi khippamānāsu, asīsupi vijjotalantesu. Te tattha usūhipi vijjhanti, sattiyāpi vijjhanti, asināpi sīsaṁ chindanti. Te tattha maraṇampi nigacchanti, maraṇamattampi dukkhaṁ. Ayampi, mahānāma, kāmānaṁ ādīnavo sandiṭṭhiko dukkhakkhandho kāmahetu kāmanidānaṁ kāmādhikaraṇaṁ kāmānameva hetu.
Furthermore, Mahānāma, because of sensual pleasures, with sensual pleasures as the cause, the source, and the basis, people take up sword and shield, string bow and quiver, and charge into battle, arrayed on both sides. They plunge into the battle amidst flying arrows, spears, and flashing swords. There, they are pierced by arrows, pierced by spears, and their heads are severed by swords, whereby they incur death or deadly suffering. Now this too is a drawback in the case of sensual pleasures—a mass of suffering visible here and now, caused by sensual pleasures, rooted in sensual pleasures, with sensual pleasures as its foundation.
Puna caparaṁ, mahānāma, kāmahetu kāmanidānaṁ kāmādhikaraṇaṁ kāmānameva hetu asicammaṁ gahetvā, dhanukalāpaṁ sannayhitvā, addāvalepanā upakāriyo pakkhandanti usūsupi khippamānesu, sattīsupi khippamānāsu, asīsupi vijjotalantesu. Te tattha usūhipi vijjhanti, sattiyāpi vijjhanti, chakaṇakāyapi osiñcanti, abhivaggenapi omaddanti, asināpi sīsaṁ chindanti. Te tattha maraṇampi nigacchanti, maraṇamattampi dukkhaṁ. Ayampi, mahānāma, kāmānaṁ ādīnavo sandiṭṭhiko dukkhakkhandho kāmahetu kāmanidānaṁ kāmādhikaraṇaṁ kāmānameva hetu.
Again, Mahānāma, because of sensual pleasures, with sensual pleasures as the cause, the source, and the basis, people take up sword and shield, string bow and quiver, and charge against freshly fortified walls, rushing into the fray amid flying arrows, spears, and flashing swords. There, they are pierced by arrows, pierced by spears, doused with boiling liquids, crushed by spiked weapons, and their heads are severed by swords, whereby they incur death or deadly suffering. Now this too is a drawback in the case of sensual pleasures—a mass of suffering visible here and now, with sensual pleasures as its cause, its source, its basis—the cause being simply sensual pleasures.
Puna caparaṁ, mahānāma, kāmahetu kāmanidānaṁ kāmādhikaraṇaṁ kāmānameva hetu sandhimpi chindanti, nillopampi haranti, ekāgārikampi karonti, paripanthepi tiṭṭhanti, paradārampi gacchanti. Tamenaṁ rājāno gahetvā vividhā kammakāraṇā kārenti—kasāhipi tāḷenti, vettehipi tāḷenti, aḍḍhadaṇḍakehipi tāḷenti; hatthampi chindanti, pādampi chindanti, hatthapādampi chindanti, kaṇṇampi chindanti, nāsampi chindanti, kaṇṇanāsampi chindanti; bilaṅgathālikampi karonti, saṅkhamuṇḍikampi karonti, rāhumukhampi karonti, jotimālikampi karonti, hatthapajjotikampi karonti, erakavattikampi karonti, cīrakavāsikampi karonti, eṇeyyakampi karonti, baḷisamaṁsikampi karonti, kahāpaṇikampi karonti, khārāpatacchikampi karonti, palighaparivattikampi karonti, palālapīṭhakampi karonti, tattenapi telena osiñcanti, sunakhehipi khādāpenti, jīvantampi sūle uttāsenti, asināpi sīsaṁ chindanti. Te tattha maraṇampi nigacchanti, maraṇamattampi dukkhaṁ. Ayampi, mahānāma, kāmānaṁ ādīnavo sandiṭṭhiko dukkhakkhandho kāmahetu kāmanidānaṁ kāmādhikaraṇaṁ kāmānameva hetu.
Furthermore, Mahānāma, because of sensual pleasures, with sensual pleasures as the cause, the source, and the basis, people break into houses, plunder wealth, commit burglary, ambush highways, seduce others’ wives, and when they are caught by the authorities, kings subject them to various forms of torture and punishment: they are whipped with lashes, beaten with bamboo canes, struck with clubs; they have their hands cut off, their feet cut off, both their hands and feet cut off, their ears cut off, their nose cut off, their ears and nose cut off. They are subjected to the ‘sour pot,’ the ‘bald shave,’ ‘Rāhu’s mouth,’ the ‘fiery wreath,’ the ‘blazing hand,’ the ‘grass twist,’ wearing the ‘bark dress,’ the ‘black antelope,’ the ‘meat hook,’ the ‘silver coins,’ ‘caustic peeling,’ the ‘spinning bar,’ the ‘straw chair,’ being doused with hot oil, being devoured by dogs, impaled alive on stakes, or having the head cut off with a sword, whereby they incur death or deadly suffering. Now this too is a drawback in the case of sensual pleasures—a mass of suffering visible here and now, with sensual pleasures as its cause, its source, its basis—the cause being simply sensual pleasures.
Puna caparaṁ, mahānāma, kāmahetu kāmanidānaṁ kāmādhikaraṇaṁ kāmānameva hetu kāyena duccaritaṁ caranti, vācāya duccaritaṁ caranti, manasā duccaritaṁ caranti. Te kāyena duccaritaṁ caritvā, vācāya duccaritaṁ caritvā, manasā duccaritaṁ caritvā, kāyassa bhedā paraṁ maraṇā, apāyaṁ duggatiṁ vinipātaṁ nirayaṁ upapajjanti. Ayampi, mahānāma, kāmānaṁ ādīnavo samparāyiko, dukkhakkhandho kāmahetu kāmanidānaṁ kāmādhikaraṇaṁ kāmānameva hetu.
Furthermore, Mahānāma, because of sensual pleasures, with sensual pleasures as the cause, the source, and the basis, people engage in misconduct by body, by speech, and by mind. Having acted wrongly by body, having acted wrongly by speech, having acted wrongly by mind, upon the breakup of the body, after death, are |reborn in a state of loss::in a state of misery [apāya]|, in a bad destination, in the |realms of downfall::in realms of misery [vinipāta]|, in hell. Now this too is a drawback in the case of sensual pleasures—a mass of suffering visible here and now, with sensual pleasures as its cause, its source, its basis—the cause being simply sensual pleasures.
Who Abides in Greater Ease
Ekamidāhaṁ, mahānāma, samayaṁ rājagahe viharāmi gijjhakūṭe pabbate. Tena kho pana samayena sambahulā nigaṇṭhā isigilipasse kāḷasilāyaṁ ubbhaṭṭhakā honti āsanapaṭikkhittā, opakkamikā dukkhā tibbā kharā kaṭukā vedanā vedayanti.
Once, Mahānāma, I was dwelling at Rājagaha on Vulture Peak mountain. At that time, a number of |Nigaṇṭhas::An ascetic sect in ancient India, known for strict self-discipline and austerities, often associated with Mahāvīra, a contemporary of the Buddha. Followers were known for practicing restraint, rejecting possessions, and adhering to non-violence. [nigaṇṭha]| living on the Black Rock at the slope of Mount Isigili were practicing continuous standing, rejecting seats, and were experiencing painful, agonizing, and piercing feelings due to exertion.
Atha khvāhaṁ, mahānāma, sāyanhasamayaṁ paṭisallānā vuṭṭhito yena isigilipasse kāḷasilā yena te nigaṇṭhā tenupasaṅkamiṁ; upasaṅkamitvā te nigaṇṭhe etadavocaṁ: ‘kiṁ nu tumhe, āvuso nigaṇṭhā, ubbhaṭṭhakā āsanapaṭikkhittā, opakkamikā dukkhā tibbā kharā kaṭukā vedanā vedayathā’ti?
Then, when it was evening, Mahānāma, I emerged from seclusion and went to the Black Rock on Mount Isigili, where the Nigaṇṭhas were. Having approached them, I asked: ‘Why, friends, are you standing continuously, rejecting seats, and enduring these painful, agonizing, and piercing feelings due to exertion?’
Evaṁ vutte, mahānāma, te nigaṇṭhā maṁ etadavocuṁ: ‘nigaṇṭho, āvuso, nāṭaputto sabbaññū sabbadassāvī aparisesaṁ ñāṇadassanaṁ paṭijānāti: “carato ca me tiṭṭhato ca suttassa ca jāgarassa ca satataṁ samitaṁ ñāṇadassanaṁ paccupaṭṭhitan”ti.
When this was said, they replied: ‘Friend, the Nigaṇṭha Nātaputta is |omniscient::all-knowing, with complete understanding [sabbaññū]| and |all-seeing::who perceives everything [sabbadassāvī]| and claims to have complete knowledge and vision thus: “Whether I am walking or standing or asleep or awake, knowledge and vision are continuously and uninterruptedly present to me.”
So evamāha: “atthi kho vo, nigaṇṭhā, pubbe pāpakammaṁ kataṁ, taṁ imāya kaṭukāya dukkarakārikāya nijjīretha; yaṁ panettha etarahi kāyena saṁvutā vācāya saṁvutā manasā saṁvutā taṁ āyatiṁ pāpassa kammassa akaraṇaṁ; iti purāṇānaṁ kammānaṁ tapasā byantibhāvā, navānaṁ kammānaṁ akaraṇā, āyatiṁ anavassavo; āyatiṁ anavassavā kammakkhayo, kammakkhayā dukkhakkhayo, dukkhakkhayā vedanākkhayo, vedanākkhayā sabbaṁ dukkhaṁ nijjiṇṇaṁ bhavissatī”ti. Tañca panamhākaṁ ruccati ceva khamati ca, tena camha attamanā’ti.
He says thus: “Nigaṇṭhas, you have done |injurious actions::harmful, bad, potentially evil intention or action [pāpakamma]| in the past; exhaust them with the performance of piercing austerities. And when you are here and now restrained in body, speech, and mind, that is doing no injurious actions for the future. So by exhausting with asceticism past actions and through non-doing, there will be |no outflow::no result, no effect [anavassava]| in the future. With no outflow in the future, action is exhausted. When action is exhausted, suffering is exhausted. With the exhaustion of suffering, there is the exhaustion of feeling. With the exhaustion of feeling, all suffering will be exhausted.” This is [the doctrine] we approve of and accept, and we are satisfied with it.’
Evaṁ vutte, ahaṁ, mahānāma, te nigaṇṭhe etadavocaṁ: ‘kiṁ pana tumhe, āvuso nigaṇṭhā, jānātha—ahuvamheva mayaṁ pubbe na nāhuvamhā’ti?
When this was said, I told them: ‘But, friends, do you know that you existed in the past, and that it is not the case that you did not exist?’
‘No hidaṁ, āvuso’.
‘No, friend.’
‘Kiṁ pana tumhe, āvuso nigaṇṭhā, jānātha—akaramheva mayaṁ pubbe pāpakammaṁ na nākaramhā’ti?
‘But, friends, do you know that you did injurious actions in the past and did not abstain from them?’
‘No hidaṁ, āvuso’.
‘No, friend.’
‘Kiṁ pana tumhe, āvuso nigaṇṭhā, jānātha—evarūpaṁ vā evarūpaṁ vā pāpakammaṁ akaramhā’ti?
‘But, friends, do you know that you did such and such injurious actions?’
‘No hidaṁ, āvuso’.
‘No, friend.’
‘Kiṁ pana tumhe, āvuso nigaṇṭhā, jānātha—ettakaṁ vā dukkhaṁ nijjiṇṇaṁ, ettakaṁ vā dukkhaṁ nijjīretabbaṁ, ettakamhi vā dukkhe nijjiṇṇe sabbaṁ dukkhaṁ nijjiṇṇaṁ bhavissatī’ti?
‘But, friends, do you know that so much suffering has already been exhausted, or that so much suffering has still to be exhausted, or that when so much suffering has been exhausted all suffering will have been exhausted?’
‘No hidaṁ, āvuso’.
‘No, friend.’
‘Kiṁ pana tumhe, āvuso nigaṇṭhā, jānātha—diṭṭheva dhamme akusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ pahānaṁ, kusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ upasampadan’ti?
‘But, friends, do you know what the abandoning of unwholesome mental qualities is and what the cultivation of wholesome mental qualities is here and now?’
‘No hidaṁ, āvuso’.
‘No, friend.’
‘Iti kira tumhe, āvuso nigaṇṭhā, na jānātha—ahuvamheva mayaṁ pubbe na nāhuvamhāti, na jānātha—akaramheva mayaṁ pubbe pāpakammaṁ na nākaramhāti, na jānātha—evarūpaṁ vā evarūpaṁ vā pāpakammaṁ akaramhāti, na jānātha—ettakaṁ vā dukkhaṁ nijjiṇṇaṁ, ettakaṁ vā dukkhaṁ nijjīretabbaṁ, ettakamhi vā dukkhe nijjiṇṇe sabbaṁ dukkhaṁ nijjiṇṇaṁ bhavissatīti. Na jānātha—diṭṭheva dhamme akusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ pahānaṁ, kusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ upasampadaṁ. Evaṁ sante, āvuso nigaṇṭhā, ye loke luddā lohitapāṇino kurūrakammantā manussesu paccājātā te nigaṇṭhesu pabbajantī’ti?
‘So, friends, if you do not know whether you existed in the past, whether you performed injurious actions in the past, or what those actions were; if you do not know how much suffering has been exhausted, how much still remains, or whether all suffering will be exhausted when a certain amount is exhausted; and if you do not know what the abandoning of unwholesome mental qualities is, or what the cultivation of wholesome ones is here and now—then in such a case, friends, would it not follow that even violent, blood-stained people in the world, those engaged in cruel actions who are born among humans—could go forth and ordain among the Nigaṇṭhas?’
‘Na kho, āvuso gotama, sukhena sukhaṁ adhigantabbaṁ, dukkhena kho sukhaṁ adhigantabbaṁ; sukhena cāvuso gotama, sukhaṁ adhigantabbaṁ abhavissa, rājā māgadho seniyo bimbisāro sukhaṁ adhigaccheyya, rājā māgadho seniyo bimbisāro sukhavihāritaro āyasmatā gotamenā’ti.
‘No, friend Gotama, |ease::contentment, happiness, pleasant abiding [sukha]| is not to be gained through pleasure; ease is to be gained through pain. For were ease to be gained through pleasure, then King Seniya Bimbisāra of Magadha would gain ease, since he abides in greater pleasure than the venerable Gotama.’
‘Addhāyasmantehi nigaṇṭhehi sahasā appaṭisaṅkhā vācā bhāsitā: “na kho, āvuso gotama, sukhena sukhaṁ adhigantabbaṁ, dukkhena kho sukhaṁ adhigantabbaṁ; sukhena cāvuso gotama, sukhaṁ adhigantabbaṁ abhavissa, rājā māgadho seniyo bimbisāro sukhaṁ adhigaccheyya, rājā māgadho seniyo bimbisāro sukhavihāritaro āyasmatā gotamenā”ti. Api ca ahameva tattha paṭipucchitabbo: “ko nu kho āyasmantānaṁ sukhavihāritaro rājā vā māgadho seniyo bimbisāro āyasmā vā gotamo”ti?
‘Surely the venerable Nigaṇṭhas have uttered this statement rashly and without reflection: “No, friend Gotama, ease is not to be gained through pleasure; ease is to be gained through pain. For were ease to be gained through pleasure, then King Seniya Bimbisāra of Magadha would gain ease, since he abides in greater pleasure than the venerable Gotama.” Rather it is I who ought to be asked: “Who abides in greater ease, King Seniya Bimbisāra of Magadha or the venerable Gotama?”
Addhāvuso gotama, amhehi sahasā appaṭisaṅkhā vācā bhāsitā, na kho, āvuso gotama, sukhena sukhaṁ adhigantabbaṁ, dukkhena kho sukhaṁ adhigantabbaṁ; sukhena cāvuso gotama, sukhaṁ adhigantabbaṁ abhavissa, rājā māgadho seniyo bimbisāro sukhaṁ adhigaccheyya, rājā māgadho seniyo bimbisāro sukhavihāritaro āyasmatā gotamenāti. Api ca tiṭṭhatetaṁ, idānipi mayaṁ āyasmantaṁ gotamaṁ pucchāma: “ko nu kho āyasmantānaṁ sukhavihāritaro rājā vā māgadho seniyo bimbisāro āyasmā vā gotamo”ti?
‘Surely, friend Gotama, we uttered this statement rashly and without reflection: “No, friend Gotama, ease is not to be gained through pleasure; ease is to be gained through pain. For were ease to be gained through pleasure, then King Seniya Bimbisāra of Magadha would gain ease, since he abides in greater pleasure than the venerable Gotama.” But let that statement stand as it is. Now we ask the venerable Gotama: “Who abides in greater ease, King Seniya Bimbisāra of Magadha or the venerable Gotama?”’
Tena hāvuso nigaṇṭhā, tumheva tattha paṭipucchissāmi, yathā vo khameyya tathā naṁ byākareyyātha. Taṁ kiṁ maññathāvuso nigaṇṭhā, pahoti rājā māgadho seniyo bimbisāro, aniñjamāno kāyena, abhāsamāno vācaṁ, satta rattindivāni ekantasukhaṁ paṭisaṁvedī viharitun’ti?
‘Then, friends, I shall ask you a question in return. Answer it as you like. What do you think, friends? Can King Seniya Bimbisāra of Magadha abide without moving his body or uttering a word, perfectly at ease for seven days and nights?’
‘No hidaṁ, āvuso’.
‘No, friend.’
‘Taṁ kiṁ maññathāvuso nigaṇṭhā, pahoti rājā māgadho seniyo bimbisāro, aniñjamāno kāyena, abhāsamāno vācaṁ, cha rattindivāni …pe… pañca rattindivāni … cattāri rattindivāni … tīṇi rattindivāni … dve rattindivāni … ekaṁ rattindivaṁ ekantasukhaṁ paṭisaṁvedī viharitun’ti?
‘Can King Seniya Bimbisāra of Magadha abide without moving his body or uttering a word, perfectly at ease for six days and nights, ... five days and nights, ... four days and nights, ... three days and nights, ... two days and nights? ... for one day and night?’
‘No hidaṁ, āvuso’.
‘No, friend.’
‘Ahaṁ kho, āvuso nigaṇṭhā, pahomi aniñjamāno kāyena, abhāsamāno vācaṁ, ekaṁ rattindivaṁ ekantasukhaṁ paṭisaṁvedī viharituṁ. Ahaṁ kho, āvuso nigaṇṭhā, pahomi aniñjamāno kāyena, abhāsamāno vācaṁ, dve rattindivāni … tīṇi rattindivāni … cattāri rattindivāni … pañca rattindivāni … cha rattindivāni … satta rattindivāni ekantasukhaṁ paṭisaṁvedī viharituṁ. Taṁ kiṁ maññathāvuso nigaṇṭhā, evaṁ sante ko sukhavihāritaro rājā vā māgadho seniyo bimbisāro ahaṁ vā’ti?
‘But, friends, Nigaṇṭhas, I can abide without moving my body or uttering a word, perfectly at ease for one day and night. Friends, Nigaṇṭhas, I can abide without moving my body or uttering a word, perfectly at ease for two days and nights ... for three days and nights ... for four days and nights ... for five days and nights ... for six days and nights ... for seven days and nights. What do you think, friends? That being so, who dwells in greater ease, King Seniya Bimbisāra of Magadha or I?’
‘Evaṁ sante āyasmāva gotamo sukhavihāritaro raññā māgadhena seniyena bimbisārenā’”ti.
‘That being so, the venerable Gotama dwells in greater ease than King Seniya Bimbisāra of Magadha.’
Idamavoca bhagavā. Attamano mahānāmo sakko bhagavato bhāsitaṁ abhinandīti.
That is what the Blessed One said. Mahānāma the Sakyan was satisfied and rejoiced in the Blessed One’s words.