The Buddha teaches on declarations, presenting a fivefold teaching for disciples on the path.

AN 5.93 Declarations

“Pañcimāni, bhikkhave, aññābyākaraṇāni. Katamāni pañca? Mandattā momūhattā aññaṁ byākaroti; pāpiccho icchāpakato aññaṁ byākaroti; ummādā cittakkhepā aññaṁ byākaroti; adhimānena aññaṁ byākaroti; sammadeva aññaṁ byākaroti. Imāni kho, bhikkhave, pañca aññābyākaraṇānī”ti.

Tatiyaṁ.

Reference Translation by Bhikkhu Sujato (CC0).

“Pañcimāni, bhikkhave, aññābyākaraṇāni.

“Mendicants, there are five ways of declaring enlightenment.

Katamāni pañca?

What five?

Mandattā momūhattā aññaṁ byākaroti;

One declares enlightenment out of stupidity and folly.

pāpiccho icchāpakato aññaṁ byākaroti;

Or because of corrupt wishes, being of wishful temperament.

ummādā cittakkhepā aññaṁ byākaroti;

Or because of madness and mental disorder.

adhimānena aññaṁ byākaroti;

Or out of overestimation.

sammadeva aññaṁ byākaroti.

Or one declares enlightenment rightly.

Imāni kho, bhikkhave, pañca aññābyākaraṇānī”ti.

These are the five ways of declaring enlightenment.”

Tatiyaṁ.

Qualities:

Insanity

Insanity

A disturbed and unstable mental condition in which the mind is scattered, erratic, or deranged. It can range from temporary disorientation and agitation to severe forms of insanity, obstructing clarity and discernment.

Also known as: craziness, mental derangement, lunacy, loss of reason, madness
Pāli: ummattaka, cittakkhepa
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Wisdom

Wisdom

Lived understanding and sound judgment that steers the mind away from suffering, distinct from mere accumulation of facts.

Also known as: (of a person) wise, astute, intelligent, learned, skilled, firm, stable, steadfast, an experiential understanding of the four noble truths
Pāli: paññā, medhā, dhīra, paṇḍita, asammūḷha
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Last updated on July 27, 2026