The Buddha teaches on the factors of stream-entry regarding with mahānāma, showing how confidence in the Triple Gem and noble ethics lead to liberation from loss.

SN 55.37 With Mahānāma

Ekaṁ samayaṁ bhagavā sakkesu viharati kapilavatthusmiṁ nigrodhārāme. Atha kho mahānāmo sakko yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṁ abhivādetvā ekamantaṁ nisīdi. Ekamantaṁ nisinno kho mahānāmo sakko bhagavantaṁ etadavoca:

“Kittāvatā nu kho, bhante, upāsako hotī”ti?

“Yato kho, mahānāma, buddhaṁ saraṇaṁ gato hoti, dhammaṁ saraṇaṁ gato hoti, saṅghaṁ saraṇaṁ gato hoti ettāvatā kho, mahānāma, upāsako hotī”ti.

“Kittāvatā pana, bhante, upāsako sīlasampanno hotī”ti?

“Yato kho, mahānāma, upāsako pāṇātipātā paṭivirato hoti, adinnādānā paṭivirato hoti, kāmesumicchācārā paṭivirato hoti, musāvādā paṭivirato hoti, surāmerayamajjappamādaṭṭhānā paṭivirato hoti ettāvatā kho, mahānāma, upāsako sīlasampanno hotī”ti.

“Kittāvatā pana, bhante, upāsako saddhāsampanno hotī”ti?

“Idha, mahānāma, upāsako saddho hoti, saddahati tathāgatassa bodhiṁ itipi so bhagavā …pe… satthā devamanussānaṁ buddho bhagavāti. Ettāvatā kho, mahānāma, upāsako saddhāsampanno hotī”ti.

“Kittāvatā pana, bhante, upāsako cāgasampanno hotī”ti?

“Idha, mahānāma, upāsako vigatamalamaccherena cetasā agāraṁ ajjhāvasati muttacāgo payatapāṇi vossaggarato yācayogo dānasaṁvibhāgarato ettāvatā kho, mahānāma, upāsako cāgasampanno hotī”ti.

“Kittāvatā pana, bhante, upāsako paññāsampanno hotī”ti?

“Idha, mahānāma, upāsako paññavā hoti udayatthagāminiyā paññāya samannāgato ariyāya nibbedhikāya sammā dukkhakkhayagāminiyā ettāvatā kho, mahānāma, upāsako paññāsampanno hotī”ti.

Sattamaṁ.

Reference Translation by Bhikkhu Sujato (CC0).

Ekaṁ samayaṁ bhagavā sakkesu viharati kapilavatthusmiṁ nigrodhārāme.

At one time the Buddha was staying in the land of the Sakyans, near Kapilavatthu in the Banyan Tree Monastery.

Atha kho mahānāmo sakko yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṁ abhivādetvā ekamantaṁ nisīdi. Ekamantaṁ nisinno kho mahānāmo sakko bhagavantaṁ etadavoca:

Then Mahānāma the Sakyan went up to the Buddha, bowed, sat down to one side, and said to him:

“Kittāvatā nu kho, bhante, upāsako hotī”ti?

“Sir, how is a lay follower defined?”

“Yato kho, mahānāma, buddhaṁ saraṇaṁ gato hoti, dhammaṁ saraṇaṁ gato hoti, saṅghaṁ saraṇaṁ gato hoti

“Mahānāma, when you’ve gone for refuge to the Buddha, the teaching, and the Saṅgha,

ettāvatā kho, mahānāma, upāsako hotī”ti.

you’re considered to be a lay follower.”

“Kittāvatā pana, bhante, upāsako sīlasampanno hotī”ti?

“But how is an ethical lay follower defined?”

“Yato kho, mahānāma, upāsako pāṇātipātā paṭivirato hoti, adinnādānā paṭivirato hoti, kāmesumicchācārā paṭivirato hoti, musāvādā paṭivirato hoti, surāmerayamajjappamādaṭṭhānā paṭivirato hoti

“When a lay follower doesn’t kill living creatures, steal, commit sexual misconduct, lie, or consume intoxicants of beer, wine, and liquor,

ettāvatā kho, mahānāma, upāsako sīlasampanno hotī”ti.

they’re considered to be an ethical lay follower.”

“Kittāvatā pana, bhante, upāsako saddhāsampanno hotī”ti?

“But how is a faithful lay follower defined?”

“Idha, mahānāma, upāsako saddho hoti, saddahati tathāgatassa bodhiṁ

“It’s when a lay follower has faith in the Realized One’s awakening:

itipi so bhagavā …pe… satthā devamanussānaṁ buddho bhagavāti.

‘That Blessed One is perfected, a fully awakened Buddha, accomplished in knowledge and conduct, holy, knower of the world, supreme guide for those fit for training, teacher of gods and humans, awakened, blessed.’

Ettāvatā kho, mahānāma, upāsako saddhāsampanno hotī”ti.

Then they’re considered to be a faithful lay follower.”

“Kittāvatā pana, bhante, upāsako cāgasampanno hotī”ti?

“But how is a generous lay follower defined?”

“Idha, mahānāma, upāsako vigatamalamaccherena cetasā agāraṁ ajjhāvasati muttacāgo payatapāṇi vossaggarato yācayogo dānasaṁvibhāgarato

“It’s when a lay follower lives at home rid of the stain of stinginess, freely generous, open-handed, loving to let go, committed to charity, loving to give and to share.

ettāvatā kho, mahānāma, upāsako cāgasampanno hotī”ti.

Then they’re considered to be a generous lay follower.”

“Kittāvatā pana, bhante, upāsako paññāsampanno hotī”ti?

“But how is a wise lay follower defined?”

“Idha, mahānāma, upāsako paññavā hoti udayatthagāminiyā paññāya samannāgato ariyāya nibbedhikāya sammā dukkhakkhayagāminiyā

“It’s when a lay follower is wise. They have the wisdom of arising and passing away which is noble, penetrative, and leads to the complete ending of suffering.

ettāvatā kho, mahānāma, upāsako paññāsampanno hotī”ti.

Then they’re considered to be a wise lay follower.”

Sattamaṁ.

Qualities:

Ending

Ending

The complete exhaustion and ending of craving, aversion, and delusion—the three roots of suffering. It refers to both the gradual wearing away of defilements through practice and the final cessation that constitutes Nibbāna.

Also known as: cessation, exhaustion, gradual ending, wearing away
Pāli: khaya, khīṇa, nirodha
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Faith

Faith

Confidence in the Buddha's awakening and the efficacy of the path. It brightens and steadies the mind, removing doubt and inspiring energy toward wholesome practice. True faith rests on clarity and direct experience rather than mere belief.

Also known as: confidence, trust, belief, conviction, self-assurance
Pāli: saddha, pasanna
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Sexual misconduct

Sexual misconduct

Transgression of boundaries in intimate relations—acting on desire in ways that betray trust, cause harm, or violate the commitments of oneself or others.

Also known as: crossing boundaries, infidelity, inappropriate sexual behavior, unfaithfulness to one's partner
Pāli: kāmesumicchācāra
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Stinginess

Stinginess

A contracted, possessive refusal to share what one has—whether material goods, knowledge, or status. It clings tightly to what is “mine,” fearing loss and closing the hand against generosity.

Also known as: miserliness, meanness, tight-fistedness
Pāli: macchariya
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Suffering

Suffering

Unpleasantness, discontentment, dissatisfaction, stress, pain, disease, i.e. mild or intense suffering that is inherent in conditioned existence.

Also known as: discomfort, unpleasantness, discontentedness, dissatisfaction, stress, pain, disease, distress, affliction
Pāli: dukkha
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Wisdom

Wisdom

Lived understanding and sound judgment that steers the mind away from suffering, distinct from mere accumulation of facts.

Also known as: (of a person) wise, astute, intelligent, learned, skilled, firm, stable, steadfast, an experiential understanding of the four noble truths
Pāli: paññā, medhā, dhīra, paṇḍita, asammūḷha
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Last updated on July 27, 2026