The Buddha teaches a repeated formula on the four absorptions regarding floods, etc., showing how they are developed and cultivated to incline the mind toward extinguishment in this grouped discourse.

SN 53.45-54 Floods, etc.

“Pañcimāni, bhikkhave, uddhambhāgiyāni saṁyojanāni. Katamāni pañca? Rūparāgo, arūparāgo, māno, uddhaccaṁ, avijjā imāni kho, bhikkhave, pañcuddhambhāgiyāni saṁyojanāni.

Imesaṁ kho, bhikkhave, pañcannaṁ uddhambhāgiyānaṁ saṁyojanānaṁ abhiññāya pariññāya parikkhayāya pahānāya cattāro jhānā bhāvetabbā. Katame cattāro? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu vivicceva kāmehi vivicca akusalehi dhammehi savitakkaṁ savicāraṁ vivekajaṁ pītisukhaṁ paṭhamaṁ jhānaṁ upasampajja viharati. Vitakkavicārānaṁ vūpasamā ajjhattaṁ sampasādanaṁ cetaso ekodibhāvaṁ avitakkaṁ avicāraṁ samādhijaṁ pītisukhaṁ dutiyaṁ jhānaṁ …pe… tatiyaṁ jhānaṁ …pe… catutthaṁ jhānaṁ upasampajja viharati. Imesaṁ kho, bhikkhave, pañcannaṁ uddhambhāgiyānaṁ saṁyojanānaṁ abhiññāya pariññāya parikkhayāya pahānāya ime cattāro jhānā bhāvetabbā”ti vitthāretabbaṁ.

(Yathā maggasaṁyuttaṁ tathā vitthāretabbaṁ.)

Oghavaggo pañcamo.

Tassuddānaṁ

Ogho yogo upādānaṁ,
ganthā anusayena ca;
Kāmaguṇā nīvaraṇā,
khandhā oruddhambhāgiyāti.

Jhānasaṁyuttaṁ navamaṁ.

Reference Translation by Bhikkhu Sujato (CC0).

“Pañcimāni, bhikkhave, uddhambhāgiyāni saṁyojanāni.

“Mendicants, there are five higher fetters.

Katamāni pañca?

What five?

Rūparāgo, arūparāgo, māno, uddhaccaṁ, avijjā

Desire for rebirth in the realm of luminous form, desire for rebirth in the formless realm, conceit, restlessness, and ignorance.

imāni kho, bhikkhave, pañcuddhambhāgiyāni saṁyojanāni.

These are the five higher fetters.

Imesaṁ kho, bhikkhave, pañcannaṁ uddhambhāgiyānaṁ saṁyojanānaṁ abhiññāya pariññāya parikkhayāya pahānāya cattāro jhānā bhāvetabbā.

The four absorptions should be developed for the direct knowledge, complete understanding, finishing, and giving up of these five higher fetters.

Katame cattāro?

What four?

Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu vivicceva kāmehi vivicca akusalehi dhammehi savitakkaṁ savicāraṁ vivekajaṁ pītisukhaṁ paṭhamaṁ jhānaṁ upasampajja viharati.

It’s when a mendicant, quite secluded from sensual pleasures, secluded from unskillful qualities, enters and remains in the first absorption, which has the rapture and bliss born of seclusion, while placing the mind and keeping it connected.

Vitakkavicārānaṁ vūpasamā ajjhattaṁ sampasādanaṁ cetaso ekodibhāvaṁ avitakkaṁ avicāraṁ samādhijaṁ pītisukhaṁ dutiyaṁ jhānaṁ …pe…

As the placing of the mind and keeping it connected are stilled, they enter and remain in the second absorption …

tatiyaṁ jhānaṁ …pe…

third absorption …

catutthaṁ jhānaṁ upasampajja viharati.

fourth absorption.

Imesaṁ kho, bhikkhave, pañcannaṁ uddhambhāgiyānaṁ saṁyojanānaṁ abhiññāya pariññāya parikkhayāya pahānāya ime cattāro jhānā bhāvetabbā”ti vitthāretabbaṁ.

These four absorptions should be developed for the direct knowledge, complete understanding, finishing, and giving up of these five higher fetters.”

(Yathā maggasaṁyuttaṁ tathā vitthāretabbaṁ.)

(Tell in full as in the Linked Discourses on the Path at SN 45.171–180.)

Oghavaggo pañcamo.

Tassuddānaṁ

Ogho yogo upādānaṁ,

Floods, yokes, grasping,

ganthā anusayena ca;

ties, and underlying tendencies,

Kāmaguṇā nīvaraṇā,

kinds of sensual stimulation, hindrances,

khandhā oruddhambhāgiyāti.

aggregates, and fetters high and low.

Jhānasaṁyuttaṁ navamaṁ.

The Linked Discourses on Absorption, the ninth section.

Topics & Qualities:

Attachment

Attachment

A mental fastening onto people, things, views, or states as “me” or “mine,” unwilling to release them. This clinging can give a sense of security and sweetness.

Also known as: acquisition, bond, clinging, grasping, holding on, possession, entanglement, bound, connected, taking as mine
Pāli: upadhi, upādāna, sakiñcana, mamatta
View all discourses →
Desire

Desire

A wholesome motivation, interest, or objective that acts as the starting point for effort and application of will.

Also known as: aspiration, interest, wish, having an objective, intention, impulse
Pāli: chanda
View all discourses →
Direct knowledge

Direct knowledge

A deep, firsthand realization or knowing that arises from personal experience, not from study or conceptual understanding; it is an immediate, unmediated apprehension of truth.

Also known as: experiential understanding, direct experience
Pāli: abhiñña
View all discourses →
Giving

Giving

The act of generosity, sharing, or offering to others without expecting anything in return. Giving is considered a foundational virtue in Buddhist practice, fostering selflessness and compassion.

Also known as: generosity, charity, donation, almsgiving, donating, philanthropy, providing with, gift with
Pāli: dāna
View all discourses →
Giving up

Giving up

The mental quality of renunciation and release from attachment. It delights in simplicity and freedom rather than in sensual pleasure. Giving up is not loss but the joyful abandoning of burden, opening the way to peace and insight.

Also known as: renunciation, relinquishment, letting go, abandonment
Pāli: nekkhamma
View all discourses →
Jhana

Jhana

An abiding with a steady, collected awareness that is attained through seclusion from the five hindrances and unwholesome mental states. When supported by right view, a jhāna can be a basis for the wearing away of taints and directing the mind toward the vision of Nibbāna.

Also known as: meditation, undistracted awareness, absorption, mental absorption
Pāli: jhāna, samāhita, susamāhita, sammāsamādhi
View all discourses →

Last updated on July 27, 2026