Sāvatthinidānaṁ.
At Sāvatthi.
Tatra kho …pe…
There the Blessed One said:
“cattārome, bhikkhave, jhānā. Katame cattāro?
“|Bhikkhus,::::| there are these four |jhānas::A mental quality of composure where awareness is gathered, steady, rather than scattered or tense. In such collectedness, supported by mindfulness and right view, experience is clearly known and can be wisely contemplated. Read more in the [AN 5.28 - fivefold right collectedness](/an5.28) discourse. [jhāna]::jah-naas|. What four?
Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu vivicceva kāmehi vivicca akusalehi dhammehi savitakkaṁ savicāraṁ vivekajaṁ pītisukhaṁ paṭhamaṁ jhānaṁ upasampajja viharati.
Here, |bhikkhus,::::| a bhikkhu, entirely secluded from sensual pleasures and |unwholesome::unhealthy, unskillful, unbeneficial, or karmically unprofitable [akusala]| mental states, enters and dwells in the first jhāna, which is |accompanied by reflection::with thinking [savitakka]| and |examination::with investigation, evaluation [savicāra]|, |born of seclusion::secluded from the defilements [vivekaja]|, and imbued with |uplifting joy and pleasure::delight and ease; sometimes experienced as ecstasy, intense exhilaration or rapture [pītisukha]|.
Vitakkavicārānaṁ vūpasamā ajjhattaṁ sampasādanaṁ cetaso ekodibhāvaṁ avitakkaṁ avicāraṁ samādhijaṁ pītisukhaṁ dutiyaṁ jhānaṁ upasampajja viharati.
With the |settling::calming, conciliation, subsiding [vūpasama]| of reflection and examination, he enters and dwells in the second jhāna, which is characterized by internal |tranquility::calming, settling, confidence [sampasādana]| and |unification::singleness, integration [ekodibhāva]| of mind, free from reflection and examination, |born of collectedness::born from a stable mind [samādhija]|, and imbued with |uplifting joy and pleasure::delight and ease; sometimes experienced as ecstasy, intense exhilaration or rapture [pītisukha]|.
Pītiyā ca virāgā upekkhako ca viharati sato ca sampajāno sukhañca kāyena paṭisaṁvedeti, yaṁ taṁ ariyā ācikkhanti: ‘upekkhako satimā sukhavihārī’ti tatiyaṁ jhānaṁ upasampajja viharati.
With the |fading of desire for::dispassion toward, detachment from [virāga]| uplifting joy, he dwells |equanimous::mental poised, mentally balanced, non-reactive, disregarding [upekkhaka]|, |mindful and clearly aware::attentive and completely comprehending [sata + sampajāna]|, experiencing |pleasure::comfort, contentedness, happiness, ease [sukha]| with the body. He enters and dwells in the third jhāna, which the Noble Ones describe as, ‘one who dwells equanimous, mindful, and at ease.’
Sukhassa ca pahānā dukkhassa ca pahānā pubbeva somanassadomanassānaṁ atthaṅgamā adukkhamasukhaṁ upekkhāsatipārisuddhiṁ catutthaṁ jhānaṁ upasampajja viharati.
with the abandoning of [bodily] pleasure and |pain::discomfort, unpleasantness. In this context, this is referring to bodily pain or sharp sensations. [dukkha]|, and with the prior settling down of |mental pleasure and displeasure::the duality of positive and negative states of mind; mental happiness and mental pain [somanassadomanassa]|, he enters and dwells in the fourth jhāna, which is characterized by purification of |mindfulness::active presence of mind and lucid retention, recollection, keeping in mind [sati]| through |equanimity::mental poise, mental balance, equipoise, non-reactivity, composure [upekkhā]|, experiencing a neither-painful-nor-pleasant feeling.
Ime kho, bhikkhave, cattāro jhānāti.
These|, bhikkhus,::::| are the four |jhānas::::jah-naas|.
Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, gaṅgā nadī pācīnaninnā pācīnapoṇā pācīnapabbhārā; evameva kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu cattāro jhāne bhāvento cattāro jhāne bahulīkaronto nibbānaninno hoti nibbānapoṇo nibbānapabbhāro.
Just as the river Ganges slants, slopes, and inclines toward the east, so too, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu who cultivates and frequently practices the four jhānas slants toward |Nibbāna::complete cooling, letting go of everything, deathless, freedom from calamity, the non-disintegrating; lit. blowing away [nibbāna]|, slopes toward Nibbāna, and inclines toward Nibbāna.
Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu cattāro jhāne bhāvento cattāro jhāne bahulīkaronto nibbānaninno hoti nibbānapoṇo nibbānapabbhāro?
And how|, bhikkhus,::::| does a bhikkhu who cultivates and frequently practices the four jhānas slant toward Nibbāna, slope toward Nibbāna, and incline toward Nibbāna?
Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu vivicceva kāmehi vivicca akusalehi dhammehi savitakkaṁ savicāraṁ vivekajaṁ pītisukhaṁ paṭhamaṁ jhānaṁ upasampajja viharati.
Here, |bhikkhus,::::| a bhikkhu, entirely secluded from sensual pleasures and unwholesome mental states, enters and dwells in the first jhāna, which is accompanied by reflection and examination, born of seclusion, and imbued with uplifting joy and pleasure.
Vitakkavicārānaṁ vūpasamā …pe… dutiyaṁ jhānaṁ …
With the settling of reflection and examination, he enters and dwells in the second jhāna, which is characterized by internal tranquility and unification of mind, free from reflection and examination, born of collectedness, and imbued with uplifting joy and pleasure.
tatiyaṁ jhānaṁ …
With the fading of desire for uplifting joy, he dwells equanimous, mindful and clearly aware, experiencing pleasure with the body. He enters and dwells in the third jhāna, which the Noble Ones describe as, ‘one who dwells equanimous, mindful, and at ease.’
catutthaṁ jhānaṁ upasampajja viharati.
With the abandoning of [bodily] pleasure and pain, and with the prior settling down of mental pleasure and displeasure, he enters and dwells in the fourth jhāna, which is characterized by purification of mindfulness through equanimity, experiencing a neither-painful-nor-pleasant feeling.
Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu cattāro jhāne bhāvento cattāro jhāne bahulīkaronto nibbānaninno hoti nibbānapoṇo nibbānapabbhāro”ti.
Thus, |bhikkhus,::::| a bhikkhu who cultivates and frequently practices the four jhānas slants toward Nibbāna, slopes toward Nibb , and inclines toward Nibbāna.”