The Buddha teaches a repeated formula on links of dependent origination—urging mendicants who have not truly known and seen each link to train, meditate, and strive until direct knowledge arises—in this grouped discourse.

SN 12.93-213 Sets of Eleven on Training, Etc.

“Jarāmaraṇaṁ, bhikkhave, ajānatā apassatā yathābhūtaṁ jarāmaraṇe yathābhūtaṁ ñāṇāya sikkhā karaṇīyā.

(Peyyālo. Catusaccikaṁ kātabbaṁ.)

“Jarāmaraṇaṁ, bhikkhave, ajānatā …pe… yogo karaṇīyo …pe….

“Jarāmaraṇaṁ, bhikkhave, ajānatā …pe… chando karaṇīyo …pe….

“Jarāmaraṇaṁ, bhikkhave, ajānatā …pe… ussoḷhī karaṇīyā …pe….

“Jarāmaraṇaṁ, bhikkhave, ajānatā …pe… appaṭivānī karaṇīyā …pe….

“Jarāmaraṇaṁ, bhikkhave, ajānatā …pe… ātappaṁ karaṇīyaṁ …pe….

“Jarāmaraṇaṁ, bhikkhave, ajānatā …pe… vīriyaṁ karaṇīyaṁ …pe….

“Jarāmaraṇaṁ, bhikkhave, ajānatā …pe… sātaccaṁ karaṇīyaṁ …pe….

“Jarāmaraṇaṁ, bhikkhave, ajānatā …pe… sati karaṇīyā …pe….

“Jarāmaraṇaṁ, bhikkhave, ajānatā …pe… sampajaññaṁ karaṇīyaṁ …pe….

“Jarāmaraṇaṁ, bhikkhave, ajānatā …pe… appamādo karaṇīyo …pe….

Antarapeyyālo navamo.

Tassuddānaṁ

Satthā sikkhā ca yogo ca,
chando ussoḷhipañcamī;
Appaṭivāni yātappaṁ,
vīriyaṁ sātaccamuccati;
Sati ca sampajaññañca,
appamādena dvādasāti.

Suttantā antarapeyyālā niṭṭhitā.

Pare te dvādasa honti,
suttā dvattiṁsa satāni;
Catusaccena te vuttā,
peyyālaantaramhi yeti.

Antarapeyyālesu uddānaṁ samattaṁ.

Nidānasaṁyuttaṁ samattaṁ.

Reference Translation by Bhikkhu Sujato (CC0).

“Jarāmaraṇaṁ, bhikkhave, ajānatā apassatā yathābhūtaṁ jarāmaraṇe yathābhūtaṁ ñāṇāya sikkhā karaṇīyā.

“Mendicants, one who does not truly know or see old age and death should train so as to truly know old age and death. …”

(Peyyālo. Catusaccikaṁ kātabbaṁ.)

“Jarāmaraṇaṁ, bhikkhave, ajānatā …pe…

yogo karaṇīyo …pe….

“… practice meditation …”

“Jarāmaraṇaṁ, bhikkhave, ajānatā …pe…

chando karaṇīyo …pe….

“… rouse up enthusiasm …”

“Jarāmaraṇaṁ, bhikkhave, ajānatā …pe…

ussoḷhī karaṇīyā …pe….

“… try vigorously …”

“Jarāmaraṇaṁ, bhikkhave, ajānatā …pe…

appaṭivānī karaṇīyā …pe….

“… persevere …”

“Jarāmaraṇaṁ, bhikkhave, ajānatā …pe…

ātappaṁ karaṇīyaṁ …pe….

“… be keen …”

“Jarāmaraṇaṁ, bhikkhave, ajānatā …pe…

vīriyaṁ karaṇīyaṁ …pe….

“… rouse up energy …”

“Jarāmaraṇaṁ, bhikkhave, ajānatā …pe…

sātaccaṁ karaṇīyaṁ …pe….

“… persist …”

“Jarāmaraṇaṁ, bhikkhave, ajānatā …pe…

sati karaṇīyā …pe….

“… be mindful …”

“Jarāmaraṇaṁ, bhikkhave, ajānatā …pe…

sampajaññaṁ karaṇīyaṁ …pe….

“… use situational awareness …”

“Jarāmaraṇaṁ, bhikkhave, ajānatā …pe…

appamādo karaṇīyo …pe….

“… be diligent …”

Antarapeyyālo navamo.

Tassuddānaṁ

Satthā sikkhā ca yogo ca,

chando ussoḷhipañcamī;

Appaṭivāni yātappaṁ,

vīriyaṁ sātaccamuccati;

Sati ca sampajaññañca,

appamādena dvādasāti.

Suttantā antarapeyyālā niṭṭhitā.

Pare te dvādasa honti,

suttā dvattiṁsa satāni;

Catusaccena te vuttā,

peyyālaantaramhi yeti.

Antarapeyyālesu uddānaṁ samattaṁ.

Nidānasaṁyuttaṁ samattaṁ.

The Linked Discourses on causality are complete.

Topics & Qualities:

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Cultivation

The active practice of 'bringing into being' wholesome states. It is the deliberate nurturing of the bright state of mind.

Also known as: development, improvement, meditation, nurturing, growth
Pāli: bhāvanā
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Jhana

Jhana

An abiding with a steady, collected awareness that is attained through seclusion from the five hindrances and unwholesome mental states. When supported by right view, a jhāna can be a basis for the wearing away of taints and directing the mind toward the vision of Nibbāna.

Also known as: meditation, undistracted awareness, absorption, mental absorption
Pāli: jhāna, samāhita, susamāhita, sammāsamādhi
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Mindfulness

Mindfulness

Active presence of mind and lucid retention; the faculty that remembers the Dhamma, anchors attention to the chosen object or present experience, and guards the mind against unwholesome states.

Also known as: recollecting, remembering, keeping in mind, presence, awareness
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Vigour

Vigour

Energetic effort and resilience in practice. It is the refusal to shrink back, the 'uphill' force that initiates and sustains wholesome actions against the gravity of habit.

Also known as: energy, effort, enthusiasm, zeal, application of will, persistence
Pāli: vīriya
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Last updated on July 27, 2026