The Buddha explains how the livelihood of subsisting on alms, although the lowest of livelihoods, is a sensible choice for those who hope to discern a complete end to this entire heap of suffering.

PTS 89

ITI 91 Jīvika sutta - Livelihood

Vuttañhetaṁ bhagavatā vuttamarahatāti me sutaṁ:

This was said by the Blessed One, said by the Awakened One, as I have heard:

“Antamidaṁ, bhikkhave, jīvikānaṁ yadidaṁ piṇḍolyaṁ. Abhisāpoyaṁ, bhikkhave, lokasmiṁ: ‘piṇḍolo vicarasi pattapāṇī’ti. Tañca kho etaṁ, bhikkhave, kulaputtā upenti atthavasikā, atthavasaṁ paṭicca; neva rājābhinītā, na corābhinītā, na iṇaṭṭā, na bhayaṭṭā, na ājīvikāpakatā. Api ca kho ‘otiṇṇamhā jātiyā jarāya maraṇena sokehi paridevehi dukkhehi domanassehi upāyāsehi dukkhotiṇṇā dukkhaparetā, appeva nāma imassa kevalassa dukkhakkhandhassa antakiriyā paññāyethā’ti. Evaṁ pabbajito cāyaṁ, bhikkhave, kulaputto.

This is the lowest of livelihoods, namely, subsisting on alms. In this world, it is considered a curse: ‘You wander about with bowl in hand!’ Yet, grounded on good purpose, this is what sensible clansmen engage in—not because authorities force them, nor because thieves drive them out, nor because they are debt-ridden, afflicted with fear, or have difficulty earning a living. Rather, they do so because they are afflicted by birth, aging, death, sorrow, lamentation, pain, displeasure, and despair—overwhelmed by suffering, consumed by suffering. They hope that, perhaps the complete ending of this entire heap of suffering could be discerned. In this way, the clansman renounces.

So ca hoti abhijjhālu kāmesu tibbasārāgo, byāpannacitto paduṭṭhamanasaṅkappo, muṭṭhassati asampajāno asamāhito vibbhantacitto pākatindriyo. Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, chavālātaṁ ubhatopadittaṁ majjhe gūthagataṁ neva gāme kaṭṭhatthaṁ pharati na araññe; tathūpamāhaṁ, bhikkhave, imaṁ puggalaṁ vadāmi gihibhogā parihīno sāmaññatthañca na paripūretī”ti.

But even so, such a bhikkhu may still have intense craving, filled with intense lust for sensual pleasures, and harboring ill will with a malicious mind. He may be muddle-minded, lacking clear awareness, distracted, with a wandering mind and with unrestrained faculties. Just as a charred log, burnt at both ends and smeared with filth in the middle, is of no use either in the village or the forest; so too, I say, is such a person: deprived of the enjoyment of a lay person, yet unable to fulfill the goal of renunciation.”

Etamatthaṁ bhagavā avoca. Tatthetaṁ iti vuccati:

The Blessed One spoke on this matter. In this regard, it is said:

“Gihibhogā parihīno,
Sāmaññatthañca dubbhago;
Paridhaṁsamāno pakireti,
Chavālātaṁva nassati.

“Deprived of the enjoyment of a lay person,
and failing to fulfill the goal of renunciation;
falling apart, he scatters around,
like a charred log, he comes to naught.

Kāsāvakaṇṭhā bahavo,
pāpadhammā asaññatā;
Pāpā pāpehi kammehi,
nirayaṁ te upapajjare.

Many who wear the ochre robe
are unrestrained and evil-natured;
by committing wrongdoings,
the evil-doer re-arises in hell.

Seyyo ayoguḷo bhutto,
tatto aggisikhūpamo;
Yañce bhuñjeyya dussīlo,
raṭṭhapiṇḍamasaññato”ti.

Better to swallow an iron ball,
hot like a blazing flame;
than for an unprincipled and unrestrained person
to consume the community’s alms food.”

Ayampi attho vutto bhagavatā, iti me sutanti.

This matter too was spoken by the Blessed One, as I have heard.

Qualities:

Craving

Craving

A driving ‘thirst’ that reaches out toward experiences, identities, or outcomes as the place to find satisfaction—“if only I had that.” It spins stories of lack, binds the mind to becoming, and invariably leads to suffering.

Also known as: wanting, yearning, longing, lit. thirst
Pāli: taṇha, abhijjhā
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Discernment

Discernment

Clear seeing that distinguishes what is wholesome from unwholesome, true from false.

Also known as: ability to make out distinctions, ability to discriminate, distinguish, clear seeing, penetrating internal vision
Pāli: viveka, nipaka, niccheyya
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Distraction

Distraction

A scattered, unfocused state of mind where attention flits from object to object without settling. A distracted mind lacks the composure needed for clear seeing and is easily pulled by whatever arises.

Also known as: scattered attention, uncollected, not well-composed, with a wandering mind, with runaway thoughts
Pāli: asamāhita, asamādhi, amanasikāra
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Harm

Harm

Intention or action that causes injury or suffering to oneself or others. It arises from aversion and heedlessness and destroys trust and safety. The opposite of non-harm, it obscures compassion and leads to regret.

Also known as: injury causing behavior, destructiveness, bad, evil
Pāli: pāpaka
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Ill will

Ill will

A mental quality of actively opposing or rejecting others in thought, manifesting as deliberate thoughts or intentions that oppose kindness and compassion; it fuels conflict and obstructs goodwill.

Also known as: actively opposing or rejecting others in thought, thought of malevolence towards another, hostile reflections towards another
Pāli: byāpāda
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Muddle-mindedness

Muddle-mindedness

Lapsed presence of mind and failure of retention; a scattered or oblivious mental state that forgets its purpose, loses its anchor to the present experience, and leaves the mind passively drifting through distraction or dullness.

Also known as: forgetfulness, unmindful
Pāli: muṭṭhassatī
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Non-restraint

Non-restraint

Failure to guard the sense doors. It occurs when attention chases after the signs and features of sense objects, allowing craving and aversion to invade the mind.

Also known as: unguarded in sense faculties, not watching the sense doors, grasping at prominent features or details of sense objects
Pāli: asaṁvara, asaṁyama, aguttadvāra
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Passion

Passion

Intense desire or lust that dyes the mind. It fixates on the features of objects, coloring perception with infatuation and making it difficult to see things as they truly are.

Also known as: burning fever, intense desire, strong emotion, infatuation, obsession, lust
Pāli: rāga
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Sensual desire

Sensual desire

A mental quality of desiring sensory gratification. It pulls the mind’s attention toward sights, sounds, smells, tastes, or touches in a search for satisfaction.

Also known as: craving for sensuality, passion for sensual pleasures, lust, pull toward enticing sense objects
Pāli: kāmacchanda
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Suffering

Suffering

Unpleasantness, discontentment, dissatisfaction, stress, pain, disease, i.e. mild or intense suffering that is inherent in conditioned existence.

Also known as: discomfort, unpleasantness, discontentedness, dissatisfaction, stress, pain, disease, distress, affliction
Pāli: dukkha
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Unprincipled conduct

Unprincipled conduct

Conduct that disregards moral restraint and ignores the consequences of harm done to oneself or others through body or speech. Such behavior clouds the mind and leads to regret and further decline.

Also known as: lacking in moral principles, lacking in ethics, immoral, wrong action
Pāli: dussīlya, micchākammanta
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Last updated on October 26, 2026

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