The Buddha describes the three elements of escape - renunciation, formless element and cessation.

PTS 61

ITI 72 Nissaraṇiya sutta - Escape

Vuttañhetaṁ bhagavatā vuttamarahatāti me sutaṁ:

This was said by the Blessed One, said by the Awakened One, as I have heard:

“Tisso imā, bhikkhave, nissaraṇiyā dhātuyo. Katamā tisso? Kāmānametaṁ nissaraṇaṁ yadidaṁ nekkhammaṁ, rūpānametaṁ nissaraṇaṁ yadidaṁ āruppaṁ, yaṁ kho pana kiñci bhūtaṁ saṅkhataṁ paṭiccasamuppannaṁ nirodho tassa nissaraṇaṁ—imā kho, bhikkhave, tisso nissaraṇiyā dhātuyo”ti.

“There are these three elements of escape. What three? 1.) Renunciation is the escape from sensual pleasures, 2.) the formless [element] is the escape from forms, and for 3.) whatever is constructed, dependently arisen—its cessation is the escape from it. These are the three elements of escape.”

Etamatthaṁ bhagavā avoca. Tatthetaṁ iti vuccati:

The Blessed One spoke on this matter. In this regard, it is said:

“Kāmanissaraṇaṁ ñatvā,
rūpānañca atikkamaṁ;
Sabbasaṅkhārasamathaṁ,
phusaṁ ātāpi sabbadā.

“Having known the escape from sensual pleasures,
and the surpassing of forms,
one with continuous effort
reaches the stilling of all intentional constructs.

Sa ve sammaddaso bhikkhu,
yato tattha vimuccati;
Abhiññāvosito santo,
sa ve yogātigo munī”ti.

Such a bhikkhu, seeing correctly,
is thereby well-released,
attained to perfect understanding, at peace,
the sage has overcome all bonds.”

Ayampi attho vutto bhagavatā, iti me sutanti.

This matter too was spoken by the Blessed One, as I have heard.

Qualities:

Discerning escape

Discerning escape

The knowing, understanding, or discerning of the way out—recognizing true escape from bondage after direct comprehension of gratification and danger, seeing cessation of unsatisfactory experience as its genuine release.

Also known as: observing the release, seeing the way out, contemplating the remedy, recognizing the way leading beyond suffering
Pāli: nissaraṇapañña, nissaraṇaṁ yathābhūtaṁ pajānāti
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Ending

Ending

The complete exhaustion and ending of craving, aversion, and delusion—the three roots of suffering. It refers to both the gradual wearing away of defilements through practice and the final cessation that constitutes Nibbāna.

Also known as: cessation, exhaustion, gradual ending, wearing away
Pāli: khaya, khīṇa, nirodha
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Formless

Formless

A meditative domain that transcends all perception of material form, progressing through the bases of infinite space, infinite consciousness, nothingness, and neither-perception-nor-non-perception. These states represent refined levels of collectedness beyond attachment to physical phenomena.

Also known as: immaterial, surpassing forms
Pāli: arūpa
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Giving up

Giving up

The mental quality of renunciation and release from attachment. It delights in simplicity and freedom rather than in sensual pleasure. Giving up is not loss but the joyful abandoning of burden, opening the way to peace and insight.

Also known as: renunciation, relinquishment, letting go, abandonment
Pāli: nekkhamma
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Last updated on October 26, 2026

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