The Buddha speaks on how beings cling to what can be expressed—concepts and designations, including the three time periods of past, future, and present. Not fully understanding these, they fall under the yoke of death.

PTS 53

ITI 63 Addhā sutta - Time Periods

Vuttañhetaṁ bhagavatā vuttamarahatāti me sutaṁ:

This was said by the Blessed One, said by the Awakened One, as I have heard:

“Tayome, bhikkhave, addhā. Katame tayo? Atīto addhā, anāgato addhā, paccuppanno addhā—ime kho, bhikkhave, tayo addhā”ti.

”There are these three time periods. What are the three? The past time period, the future time period, and the present time period. These are the three time periods.”

Etamatthaṁ bhagavā avoca. Tatthetaṁ iti vuccati:

The Blessed One spoke on this matter. In this regard, it is said:

“Akkheyyasaññino sattā,
akkheyyasmiṁ patiṭṭhitā;
Akkheyyaṁ apariññāya,
yogamāyanti maccuno.

“Beings percipient of what can be named,
become established in the nameable;
by not completely comprehending the nameable,
they come under the yoke of death.

Akkheyyañca pariññāya,
akkhātāraṁ na maññati;
Phuṭṭho vimokkho manasā,
santipadamanuttaraṁ.

By completely comprehending the nameable,
one does not conceive the ‘one who names’;
their mind has attained to freedom,
the unsurpassed state of peace.

Sa ve akkheyyasampanno,
santo santipade rato;
Saṅkhāya sevī dhammaṭṭho,
saṅkhyaṁ nopeti vedagū”ti.

Accomplished in what can be expressed,
the wise one is devoted to the peaceful state;
firmly established in the Dhamma, they freely make use of concepts,
but no more resort to conceptualization.”

Ayampi attho vutto bhagavatā, iti me sutanti.

This matter too was spoken by the Blessed One, as I have heard.

Topics & Qualities:

Attachment

Attachment

A mental fastening onto people, things, views, or states as “me” or “mine,” unwilling to release them. This clinging can give a sense of security and sweetness.

Also known as: acquisition, bond, clinging, grasping, holding on, possession, entanglement, bound, connected, taking as mine
Pāli: upadhi, upādāna, sakiñcana, mamatta
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Conceit

Conceit

Self-view expressed as comparison—seeing oneself as superior, inferior, or equal; the persistent “I am” conceit (asmimāna) that underlies identification and fuels rebirth

Also known as: arrogance, egotism, pride, self-importance, tendency of self-comparison
Pāli: māna, atimāna, unnaḷa
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Mental Proliferation

Mental Proliferation

Mental proliferation is the tendency to overelaborate mental constructs—such as opinions, judgments, narratives—endless conceptualization. It entangles the mind in a cascade of thoughts, concepts, and perceptions, giving rise to unwholesome states and suffering.

Also known as: conceptual proliferation, elaboration, papañca
Pāli: papañca
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Personal existence view

Personal existence view

The view that there is a real self within or a substantial reality outside. This mistaken grasp of self and world sustains attachment, conceit, and the cycle of suffering.

Also known as: identity view, self-view, self-identification, embodied being, egoism
Pāli: sakkāyadiṭṭhi
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Last updated on October 26, 2026

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