The Buddha describes the three mental faculties - 1.) the faculty that senses ‘I will know the unknown,’ 2.) the faculty of awakening, and 3.) the faculty of one who is awakened.

PTS 53

ITI 62 Indriya sutta - Mental Faculties

Vuttañhetaṁ bhagavatā vuttamarahatāti me sutaṁ:

This was said by the Blessed One, said by the Awakened One, as I have heard:

“Tīṇimāni, bhikkhave, indriyāni. Katamāni tīṇi? Anaññātaññassāmītindriyaṁ, aññindriyaṁ, aññātāvindriyaṁ—imāni kho, bhikkhave, tīṇi indriyānī”ti.

“There are these three mental faculties. What are the three? 1.) The faculty that senses ‘I will know the unknown,’ 2.) the faculty of final knowledge, and 3.) the faculty of one with final knowledge. These are the three mental faculties.”

Etamatthaṁ bhagavā avoca. Tatthetaṁ iti vuccati:

The Blessed One spoke on this matter. In this regard, it is said:

“Sekhassa sikkhamānassa,
ujumaggānusārino;
Khayasmiṁ paṭhamaṁ ñāṇaṁ,
tato aññā anantarā.

“For a trainee who is practicing,
following the direct path;
knowledge of wearing away arises first,
followed next by final knowledge.

Tato aññāvimuttassa,
ñāṇaṁ ve hoti tādino;
Akuppā me vimuttīti,
bhavasaṁyojanakkhayā.

For one liberated through final knowledge,
there arises insight in the stable one;
‘My liberation is unshakeable,’
wearing away the chain of existence.

Sa ve indriyasampanno,
santo santipade rato;
Dhāreti antimaṁ dehaṁ,
jetvā māraṁ savāhinin”ti.

One accomplished in faculties,
tranquil, devoted to the state of peace,
he bears his final body,
having conquered Māra along with his army.”

Ayampi attho vutto bhagavatā, iti me sutanti.

This matter too was spoken by the Blessed One, as I have heard.

Topics & Qualities:

Liberation

Liberation

Liberation can imply a temporary release of the mind, i.e. liberated from certain unwholesome mental qualities or complete liberation from all unwholesome qualities of the mind, i.e. Nibbāna.

Also known as: freedom, release, emancipation, deliverance
Pāli: vimutti, vimokkha, cetovimutti, paññāvimutti, akuppā cetovimutti
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Trainee

Trainee

A noble disciple who is still in training (sekha; one who trains) toward full awakening—on the path or at a fruition short of arahantship. A trainee is defined as one who trains in higher virtue, higher mind, and higher wisdom.

Also known as: learner, one in training
Pāli: sekha
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Tranquility

Tranquility

A mental quality of calm and stillness that arises when the body and mind are unburdened by agitation.

Also known as: calmness, peacefulness, serenity
Pāli: passaddhi, santi, upasama, upasanta
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Last updated on October 9, 2026

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