Dhammapada verses 146–156 explore impermanence, the nature of the body, and the inevitability of aging and death. Through metaphors of a world ablaze, a decaying body, the house-builder and a city of bones, they point to life’s transience and the futility of clinging to sensual pleasures. The verses highlight the cultivation of wisdom, detachment, and the pursuit of an unconditioned state beyond constructs, contrasting fleeting youth and inevitable old age with the timeless teachings that lead to liberation.

PTS 42–44 · vv. 146–156

DHP 146–156 Jarā vagga - Chapter 11 - Old Age

146

Ko nu hāso kimānando,
niccaṁ pajjalite sati;
Andhakārena onaddhā,
padīpaṁ na gavesatha.

What is the laughter, what is the joy,
when the world is perpetually ablaze?
Enveloped by darkness,
why do you not seek the light?

147

Passa cittakataṁ bimbaṁ,
arukāyaṁ samussitaṁ;
Āturaṁ bahusaṅkappaṁ,
yassa natthi dhuvaṁ ṭhiti.

Behold this form, a mind-made adornment,
propped up in a body full of sores;
Afflicted, full of plans,
of which, there is nothing enduring or stable.

148

Parijiṇṇamidaṁ rūpaṁ,
roganīḷaṁ pabhaṅguraṁ;
Bhijjati pūtisandeho,
maraṇantañhi jīvitaṁ.

This body is worn out,
a nest of disease, fragile;
this putrid accumulation breaks apart,
for life surely ends in death.

149

Yānimāni apatthāni,
alābūneva sārade;
Kāpotakāni aṭṭhīni,
tāni disvāna kā rati.

Like discarded bottle gourds
in the autumn season,
are these greyish bones;
seeing them, what is the delight?

150

Aṭṭhīnaṁ nagaraṁ kataṁ,
maṁsalohitalepanaṁ;
Yattha jarā ca maccu ca,
māno makkho ca ohito.

This body is a city built of bones,
plastered with flesh and blood;
within it dwell old age and death,
along with conceit and contempt.

151

Jīranti ve rājarathā sucittā,
Atho sarīrampi jaraṁ upeti;
Satañca dhammo na jaraṁ upeti,
Santo have sabbhi pavedayanti.

The well adorned chariots of kings wear out,
this body too undergoes decay;
but the Dhamma of the sages does not age,
the wise make it known to the virtuous persons.

152

Appassutāyaṁ puriso,
balībaddhova jīrati;
Maṁsāni tassa vaḍḍhanti,
paññā tassa na vaḍḍhati.

A person of little learning
grows old just like an ox;
they grow in mass,
but their wisdom does not grow.

153

Anekajātisaṁsāraṁ,
sandhāvissaṁ anibbisaṁ;
Gahakāraṁ gavesanto,
dukkhā jāti punappunaṁ.

Through countless births in cyclic existence,
I have wandered without finding [a way out];
Seeking the house-builder [of this body],
experiencing the suffering of birth again and again.

154

Gahakāraka diṭṭhosi,
puna gehaṁ na kāhasi;
Sabbā te phāsukā bhaggā,
gahakūṭaṁ visaṅkhataṁ;
Visaṅkhāragataṁ cittaṁ,
taṇhānaṁ khayamajjhagā.

House-builder, you are seen!
You will not build a house again;
all your rafters are dismantled,
your ridgepole is destroyed;
The mind has gone beyond all conditions,
having achieved the wearing away of craving.

155

Acaritvā brahmacariyaṁ,
aladdhā yobbane dhanaṁ;
Jiṇṇakoñcāva jhāyanti,
khīṇamaccheva pallale.

Not having lived the spiritual life,
and not having obtained wealth in youth;
they brood like old herons
in a pond depleted of fish.

156

Acaritvā brahmacariyaṁ,
aladdhā yobbane dhanaṁ;
Senti cāpātikhīṇāva,
purāṇāni anutthunaṁ.

Not having fulfilled the spiritual life,
and not having obtained wealth in youth;
They sit, spent and exhausted,
lamenting over the past.

Qualities:

Ignorance

Ignorance

A fundamental blindness to the true nature of reality. It is not merely a lack of information, but an active misperception that views the transient as permanent and the unsatisfactory as a source of happiness, thereby fueling the cycle of suffering.

Also known as: illusion of knowing, fundamental unawareness of the true nature of reality, misunderstanding of how things have come to be, not knowing the four noble truths
Pāli: avijjā
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Recognition of impermanence

Recognition of impermanence

Perceiving all conditioned things as unstable and transient. This recognition weakens attachment by revealing the continual arising and ceasing of phenomena, turning the mind toward wisdom and release.

Also known as: perception of impermanence, perception of instability, realization of transience
Pāli: aniccasaññā
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Recognition of unattractiveness

Recognition of unattractiveness

Contemplation that perceives the body as composed of impure and impermanent parts, countering the delusion of beauty and sensual infatuation. This perception cools passion, fosters dispassion, and restores clear seeing of the body’s true nature as conditioned and transient.

Also known as: perception of unattractiveness, recognition of the drawbacks
Pāli: asubhasaññā
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Recollection of death

Recollection of death

Keeping in view the certainty and nearness of death. Recollection of death ignites wholesome desire for awakening and sustains uphill vigour against habitual tendencies.

Also known as: mindfulness of death
Pāli: maraṇassati
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Wisdom

Wisdom

Lived understanding and sound judgment that steers the mind away from suffering, distinct from mere accumulation of facts.

Also known as: (of a person) wise, astute, intelligent, learned, skilled, firm, stable, steadfast, an experiential understanding of the four noble truths
Pāli: paññā, medhā, dhīra, paṇḍita, asammūḷha
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Last updated on October 26, 2026

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