“Rāgassa, bhikkhave, abhiññāya nava dhammā bhāvetabbā. Katame nava? Paṭhamaṁ jhānaṁ, dutiyaṁ jhānaṁ, tatiyaṁ jhānaṁ, catutthaṁ jhānaṁ, ākāsānañcāyatanaṁ, viññāṇañcāyatanaṁ, ākiñcaññāyatanaṁ, nevasaññānāsaññāyatanaṁ, saññāvedayitanirodho— rāgassa, bhikkhave, abhiññāya ime nava dhammā bhāvetabbā”ti.
The Buddha teaches that nine things should be developed for insight into and the complete ending of greed, hate, delusion, and other unwholesome qualities.
AN 9.94 Untitled Discourse on Greed (2nd)
Reference Translation by Bhikkhu Sujato (CC0).
“Rāgassa, bhikkhave, abhiññāya nava dhammā bhāvetabbā.
“For insight into greed, nine things should be developed.
Katame nava?
What nine?
Paṭhamaṁ jhānaṁ, dutiyaṁ jhānaṁ, tatiyaṁ jhānaṁ, catutthaṁ jhānaṁ, ākāsānañcāyatanaṁ, viññāṇañcāyatanaṁ, ākiñcaññāyatanaṁ, nevasaññānāsaññāyatanaṁ, saññāvedayitanirodho—
The first absorption, the second absorption, the third absorption, the fourth absorption, the dimension of infinite space, the dimension of infinite consciousness, the dimension of nothingness, the dimension of neither perception nor non-perception, and the cessation of perception and feeling.
rāgassa, bhikkhave, abhiññāya ime nava dhammā bhāvetabbā”ti.
For insight into greed, these nine things should be developed.”
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Last updated on July 27, 2026