“Rāgassa, bhikkhave, abhiññāya nava dhammā bhāvetabbā. Katame nava? Asubhasaññā, maraṇasaññā, āhāre paṭikūlasaññā, sabbaloke anabhiratasaññā, aniccasaññā, anicce dukkhasaññā, dukkhe anattasaññā, pahānasaññā, virāgasaññā— rāgassa, bhikkhave, abhiññāya ime nava dhammā bhāvetabbā”ti.
The Buddha teaches that nine things should be developed for insight into and the complete ending of greed, hate, delusion, and other unwholesome qualities.
AN 9.93 Untitled Discourse on Greed (1st)
Reference Translation by Bhikkhu Sujato (CC0).
“Rāgassa, bhikkhave, abhiññāya nava dhammā bhāvetabbā.
“For insight into greed, nine things should be developed.
Katame nava?
What nine?
Asubhasaññā, maraṇasaññā, āhāre paṭikūlasaññā, sabbaloke anabhiratasaññā, aniccasaññā, anicce dukkhasaññā, dukkhe anattasaññā, pahānasaññā, virāgasaññā—
The perceptions of ugliness, death, repulsiveness of food, dissatisfaction with the whole world, impermanence, suffering in impermanence, not-self in suffering, giving up, and fading away.
rāgassa, bhikkhave, abhiññāya ime nava dhammā bhāvetabbā”ti.
For insight into greed, these nine things should be developed.”
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Last updated on July 27, 2026