The Buddha teaches on bitter, presenting a threefold teaching for disciples on the path.

AN 3.128 Bitter

Ekaṁ samayaṁ bhagavā bārāṇasiyaṁ viharati isipatane migadāye.

Atha kho bhagavā pubbaṇhasamayaṁ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya bārāṇasiṁ piṇḍāya pāvisi. Addasā kho bhagavā goyogapilakkhasmiṁ piṇḍāya caramāno aññataraṁ bhikkhuṁ rittassādaṁ bāhirassādaṁ muṭṭhassatiṁ asampajānaṁ asamāhitaṁ vibbhantacittaṁ pākatindriyaṁ.

Disvā taṁ bhikkhuṁ etadavoca: “Mā kho tvaṁ, bhikkhu, attānaṁ kaṭuviyamakāsi. Taṁ vata, bhikkhu, kaṭuviyakataṁ attānaṁ āmagandhena avassutaṁ makkhikā nānupatissanti nānvāssavissantīti, netaṁ ṭhānaṁ vijjatī”ti.

Atha kho so bhikkhu bhagavatā iminā ovādena ovadito saṁvegamāpādi. Atha kho bhagavā bārāṇasiyaṁ piṇḍāya caritvā pacchābhattaṁ piṇḍapātapaṭikkanto bhikkhū āmantesi:

“Idhāhaṁ, bhikkhave, pubbaṇhasamayaṁ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya bārāṇasiṁ piṇḍāya pāvisiṁ. Addasaṁ kho ahaṁ, bhikkhave, goyogapilakkhasmiṁ piṇḍāya caramāno aññataraṁ bhikkhuṁ rittassādaṁ bāhirassādaṁ muṭṭhassatiṁ asampajānaṁ asamāhitaṁ vibbhantacittaṁ pākatindriyaṁ. Disvā taṁ bhikkhuṁ etadavocaṁ:

‘Mā kho tvaṁ, bhikkhu, attānaṁ kaṭuviyamakāsi. Taṁ vata bhikkhu kaṭuviyakataṁ attānaṁ āmagandhena avassutaṁ makkhikā nānupatissanti nānvāssavissantīti, netaṁ ṭhānaṁ vijjatī’ti. Atha kho, bhikkhave, so bhikkhu mayā iminā ovādena ovadito saṁvegamāpādī”ti. Evaṁ vutte, aññataro bhikkhu bhagavantaṁ etadavoca:

“kiṁ nu kho, bhante, kaṭuviyaṁ? Ko āmagandho? makkhikā”ti?

“Abhijjhā kho, bhikkhu, kaṭuviyaṁ; byāpādo āmagandho; pāpakā akusalā vitakkā makkhikā. Taṁ vata, bhikkhu, kaṭuviyakataṁ attānaṁ āmagandhena avassutaṁ makkhikā nānupatissanti nānvāssavissantīti, netaṁ ṭhānaṁ vijjatīti.

Aguttaṁ cakkhusotasmiṁ,
indriyesu asaṁvutaṁ;
Makkhikānupatissanti,
saṅkappā rāganissitā.

Kaṭuviyakato bhikkhu,
āmagandhe avassuto;
Ārakā hoti nibbānā,
vighātasseva bhāgavā.

Gāme yadi vāraññe,
aladdhā samathamattano;
Pareti bālo dummedho,
makkhikāhi purakkhato.

Ye ca sīlena sampannā,
paññāyūpasameratā;
Upasantā sukhaṁ senti,
nāsayitvāna makkhikā”ti.

Chaṭṭhaṁ.

Reference Translation by Bhikkhu Sujato (CC0).

Ekaṁ samayaṁ bhagavā bārāṇasiyaṁ viharati isipatane migadāye.

At one time the Buddha was staying near Varanasi, in the deer park at Isipatana.

Atha kho bhagavā pubbaṇhasamayaṁ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya bārāṇasiṁ piṇḍāya pāvisi.

Then the Buddha robed up in the morning and, taking his bowl and robe, entered Varanasi for alms.

Addasā kho bhagavā goyogapilakkhasmiṁ piṇḍāya caramāno aññataraṁ bhikkhuṁ rittassādaṁ bāhirassādaṁ muṭṭhassatiṁ asampajānaṁ asamāhitaṁ vibbhantacittaṁ pākatindriyaṁ.

While the Buddha was walking for alms near the cow-hitching place at the wavy leaf fig, he saw a disgruntled monk who was looking for pleasure in external things, unmindful, without situational awareness or immersion, with straying mind and undisciplined faculties.

Disvā taṁ bhikkhuṁ etadavoca:

The Buddha said to him,

“Mā kho tvaṁ, bhikkhu, attānaṁ kaṭuviyamakāsi.

“Monk, don’t be bitter.

Taṁ vata, bhikkhu, kaṭuviyakataṁ attānaṁ āmagandhena avassutaṁ makkhikā nānupatissanti nānvāssavissantīti, netaṁ ṭhānaṁ vijjatī”ti.

If you’re bitter, festering with putrefaction, flies will, without a doubt, plague and infest you.”

Atha kho so bhikkhu bhagavatā iminā ovādena ovadito saṁvegamāpādi.

Hearing this advice of the Buddha, that monk was struck with a sense of urgency.

Atha kho bhagavā bārāṇasiyaṁ piṇḍāya caritvā pacchābhattaṁ piṇḍapātapaṭikkanto bhikkhū āmantesi:

Then, after the meal, on his return from almsround, the Buddha told the mendicants what had happened. …

“Idhāhaṁ, bhikkhave, pubbaṇhasamayaṁ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya bārāṇasiṁ piṇḍāya pāvisiṁ.

Addasaṁ kho ahaṁ, bhikkhave, goyogapilakkhasmiṁ piṇḍāya caramāno aññataraṁ bhikkhuṁ rittassādaṁ bāhirassādaṁ muṭṭhassatiṁ asampajānaṁ asamāhitaṁ vibbhantacittaṁ pākatindriyaṁ.

Disvā taṁ bhikkhuṁ etadavocaṁ:

‘Mā kho tvaṁ, bhikkhu, attānaṁ kaṭuviyamakāsi.

Taṁ vata bhikkhu kaṭuviyakataṁ attānaṁ āmagandhena avassutaṁ makkhikā nānupatissanti nānvāssavissantīti, netaṁ ṭhānaṁ vijjatī’ti.

Atha kho, bhikkhave, so bhikkhu mayā iminā ovādena ovadito saṁvegamāpādī”ti.

Evaṁ vutte, aññataro bhikkhu bhagavantaṁ etadavoca:

When he said this, one of the mendicants asked the Buddha:

“kiṁ nu kho, bhante, kaṭuviyaṁ?

“Sir, what is this ‘bitterness’?

Ko āmagandho?

What is ‘putrefaction’?

makkhikā”ti?

And what are the ‘flies’?”

“Abhijjhā kho, bhikkhu, kaṭuviyaṁ;

“Desire is bitterness;

byāpādo āmagandho;

ill will is the putrefaction;

pāpakā akusalā vitakkā makkhikā.

and bad, unskillful thoughts are the flies.

Taṁ vata, bhikkhu, kaṭuviyakataṁ attānaṁ āmagandhena avassutaṁ makkhikā nānupatissanti nānvāssavissantīti, netaṁ ṭhānaṁ vijjatīti.

If you’re bitter, festering with putrefaction, flies will, without a doubt, plague and infest you.

Aguttaṁ cakkhusotasmiṁ,

When your eyes and ears are unguarded,

indriyesu asaṁvutaṁ;

and you’re not restrained in your sense faculties,

Makkhikānupatissanti,

flies—those lustful thoughts—

saṅkappā rāganissitā.

will plague you.

Kaṭuviyakato bhikkhu,

A mendicant who’s bitter,

āmagandhe avassuto;

festering with putrefaction,

Ārakā hoti nibbānā,

is far from being extinguished,

vighātasseva bhāgavā.

distress is their lot.

Gāme yadi vāraññe,

Whether in village or wilderness,

aladdhā samathamattano;

if they don’t find serenity in themselves,

Pareti bālo dummedho,

the fool, the simpleton departs,

makkhikāhi purakkhato.

honored only by flies.

Ye ca sīlena sampannā,

But those who have ethics,

paññāyūpasameratā;

lovers of wisdom and peace,

Upasantā sukhaṁ senti,

they, being peaceful, sleep at ease,

nāsayitvāna makkhikā”ti.

since they’ve got rid of the flies.”

Chaṭṭhaṁ.

Topics & Qualities:

Anxiety

Anxiety

A fluttering, unsettled state of mind, worried about past or future and unsure what is right to do. It keeps the mind circling around concerns without resolution, weakening confidence and obscuring calm discernment.

Also known as: agitation, confusion about what is right and wrong, distress, fickleness, fidgetiness, edginess, restlessness, wavering, worry
Pāli: kukkucca, uddhacca, darathaja
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Desire

Desire

A wholesome motivation, interest, or objective that acts as the starting point for effort and application of will.

Also known as: aspiration, interest, wish, having an objective, intention, impulse
Pāli: chanda
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Doubt

Doubt

Paralyzing indecision about the path or practice. Doubt obstructs confidence and clarity.

Also known as: confusion, indecisiveness, uncertainty, wavering, perplexity
Pāli: vicikiccha, kaṅkhā, vimati
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Harm

Harm

Intention or action that causes injury or suffering to oneself or others. It arises from aversion and heedlessness and destroys trust and safety. The opposite of non-harm, it obscures compassion and leads to regret.

Also known as: injury causing behavior, destructiveness, bad, evil
Pāli: pāpaka
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Ill will

Ill will

A mental quality of actively opposing or rejecting others in thought, manifesting as deliberate thoughts or intentions that oppose kindness and compassion; it fuels conflict and obstructs goodwill.

Also known as: actively opposing or rejecting others in thought, thought of malevolence towards another, hostile reflections towards another
Pāli: byāpāda
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Wisdom

Wisdom

Lived understanding and sound judgment that steers the mind away from suffering, distinct from mere accumulation of facts.

Also known as: (of a person) wise, astute, intelligent, learned, skilled, firm, stable, steadfast, an experiential understanding of the four noble truths
Pāli: paññā, medhā, dhīra, paṇḍita, asammūḷha
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Last updated on July 27, 2026