The Buddha teaches on with saṅgārava, presenting a tenfold teaching for disciples on the path.

AN 10.117 With Saṅgārava

Atha kho saṅgāravo brāhmaṇo yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavatā saddhiṁ sammodi. Sammodanīyaṁ kathaṁ sāraṇīyaṁ vītisāretvā ekamantaṁ nisīdi. Ekamantaṁ nisinno kho saṅgāravo brāhmaṇo bhagavantaṁ etadavoca:

“kiṁ nu kho, bho gotama, orimaṁ tīraṁ, kiṁ pārimaṁ tīran”ti?

“Micchādiṭṭhi kho, brāhmaṇa, orimaṁ tīraṁ, sammādiṭṭhi pārimaṁ tīraṁ; micchāsaṅkappo orimaṁ tīraṁ, sammāsaṅkappo pārimaṁ tīraṁ; micchāvācā orimaṁ tīraṁ, sammāvācā pārimaṁ tīraṁ; micchākammanto orimaṁ tīraṁ, sammākammanto pārimaṁ tīraṁ; micchāājīvo orimaṁ tīraṁ, sammāājīvo pārimaṁ tīraṁ; micchāvāyāmo orimaṁ tīraṁ, sammāvāyāmo pārimaṁ tīraṁ; micchāsati orimaṁ tīraṁ, sammāsati pārimaṁ tīraṁ; micchāsamādhi orimaṁ tīraṁ, sammāsamādhi pārimaṁ tīraṁ; micchāñāṇaṁ orimaṁ tīraṁ, sammāñāṇaṁ pārimaṁ tīraṁ; micchāvimutti orimaṁ tīraṁ, sammāvimutti pārimaṁ tīranti. Idaṁ kho, brāhmaṇa, orimaṁ tīraṁ, idaṁ pārimaṁ tīranti.

Appakā te manussesu,
ye janā pāragāmino;
Athāyaṁ itarā pajā,
tīramevānudhāvati.

Ye ca kho sammadakkhāte,
dhamme dhammānuvattino;
Te janā pāramessanti,
maccudheyyaṁ suduttaraṁ.

Kaṇhaṁ dhammaṁ vippahāya,
Sukkaṁ bhāvetha paṇḍito;
Okā anokamāgamma,
Viveke yattha dūramaṁ.

Tatrābhiratimiccheyya,
hitvā kāme akiñcano;
Pariyodapeyya attānaṁ,
cittaklesehi paṇḍito.

Yesaṁ sambodhiyaṅgesu,
sammā cittaṁ subhāvitaṁ;
Ādānapaṭinissagge,
anupādāya ye ratā;
Khīṇāsavā jutimanto,
te loke parinibbutā”ti.

Pañcamaṁ.

Reference Translation by Bhikkhu Sujato (CC0).

Atha kho saṅgāravo brāhmaṇo yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavatā saddhiṁ sammodi.

Then Saṅgārava the brahmin went up to the Buddha, and exchanged greetings with him.

Sammodanīyaṁ kathaṁ sāraṇīyaṁ vītisāretvā ekamantaṁ nisīdi. Ekamantaṁ nisinno kho saṅgāravo brāhmaṇo bhagavantaṁ etadavoca:

When the greetings and polite conversation were over, he sat down to one side and said to the Buddha:

“kiṁ nu kho, bho gotama, orimaṁ tīraṁ, kiṁ pārimaṁ tīran”ti?

“Worthy Gotama, what is the near shore? And what is the far shore?”

“Micchādiṭṭhi kho, brāhmaṇa, orimaṁ tīraṁ, sammādiṭṭhi pārimaṁ tīraṁ;

“Wrong view is the near shore, brahmin, and right view is the far shore.

micchāsaṅkappo orimaṁ tīraṁ, sammāsaṅkappo pārimaṁ tīraṁ;

Wrong purpose is the near shore, and right purpose is the far shore.

micchāvācā orimaṁ tīraṁ, sammāvācā pārimaṁ tīraṁ;

Wrong speech is the near shore, and right speech is the far shore.

micchākammanto orimaṁ tīraṁ, sammākammanto pārimaṁ tīraṁ;

Wrong action is the near shore, and right action is the far shore.

micchāājīvo orimaṁ tīraṁ, sammāājīvo pārimaṁ tīraṁ;

Wrong livelihood is the near shore, and right livelihood is the far shore.

micchāvāyāmo orimaṁ tīraṁ, sammāvāyāmo pārimaṁ tīraṁ;

Wrong effort is the near shore, and right effort is the far shore.

micchāsati orimaṁ tīraṁ, sammāsati pārimaṁ tīraṁ;

Wrong mindfulness is the near shore, and right mindfulness is the far shore.

micchāsamādhi orimaṁ tīraṁ, sammāsamādhi pārimaṁ tīraṁ;

Wrong immersion is the near shore, and right immersion is the far shore.

micchāñāṇaṁ orimaṁ tīraṁ, sammāñāṇaṁ pārimaṁ tīraṁ;

Wrong knowledge is the near shore, and right knowledge is the far shore.

micchāvimutti orimaṁ tīraṁ, sammāvimutti pārimaṁ tīranti.

Wrong freedom is the near shore, and right freedom is the far shore.

Idaṁ kho, brāhmaṇa, orimaṁ tīraṁ, idaṁ pārimaṁ tīranti.

This is the near shore, and this is the far shore.

Appakā te manussesu,

Few are those among humans

ye janā pāragāmino;

who cross to the far shore.

Athāyaṁ itarā pajā,

The rest just run around

tīramevānudhāvati.

on the near shore.

Ye ca kho sammadakkhāte,

When the teaching is well explained,

dhamme dhammānuvattino;

those who practice accordingly

Te janā pāramessanti,

are the ones who will cross over

maccudheyyaṁ suduttaraṁ.

Death’s dominion so hard to pass.

Kaṇhaṁ dhammaṁ vippahāya,

Rid of dark qualities,

Sukkaṁ bhāvetha paṇḍito;

an astute person should develop the bright.

Okā anokamāgamma,

Leaving home behind

Viveke yattha dūramaṁ.

for the seclusion so hard to enjoy,

Tatrābhiratimiccheyya,

try to find satisfaction there,

hitvā kāme akiñcano;

having left behind sensual pleasures.

Pariyodapeyya attānaṁ,

Owning nothing, an astute person

cittaklesehi paṇḍito.

would cleanse themselves of mental corruptions.

Yesaṁ sambodhiyaṅgesu,

Those whose minds are rightly developed

sammā cittaṁ subhāvitaṁ;

in the awakening factors;

Ādānapaṭinissagge,

who, letting go of attachments,

anupādāya ye ratā;

delight in not grasping:

Khīṇāsavā jutimanto,

with defilements ended, brilliant,

te loke parinibbutā”ti.

they are quenched in this world.”

Pañcamaṁ.

Topics & Qualities:

Liberation

Liberation

Liberation can imply a temporary release of the mind, i.e. liberated from certain unwholesome mental qualities or complete liberation from all unwholesome qualities of the mind, i.e. Nibbāna.

Also known as: freedom, release, emancipation, deliverance
Pāli: vimutti, vimokkha, cetovimutti, paññāvimutti, akuppā cetovimutti
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Mindfulness

Mindfulness

Active presence of mind and lucid retention; the faculty that remembers the Dhamma, anchors attention to the chosen object or present experience, and guards the mind against unwholesome states.

Also known as: recollecting, remembering, keeping in mind, presence, awareness
Pāli: sati, anussati
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Right effort

Right effort

Energy and resolve directed toward preventing unwholesome states from arising, abandoning arisen unwholesome states, cultivating wholesome states, and maintaining arisen wholesome states; persistent application of the mind aligned with the path.

Also known as: right endeavor, right striving
Pāli: sammāvāyāma, padhāna
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Right livelihood

Right livelihood

Means of living that does not cause harm to others or oneself; earning a living ethically without deceit, exploitation, or violence.

Also known as: correct livelihood, right mode of earning a living
Pāli: sammāājīva
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Right speech

Right speech

Speech that is purified by abstaining from falsehood, divisive talk, harsh words, and idle chatter.

Also known as: truthful speech, honest speech, kind speech, beneficial speech, harmonious speech, articulate words, eloquent communication
Pāli: sammāvācā
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Vigour

Vigour

Energetic effort and resilience in practice. It is the refusal to shrink back, the 'uphill' force that initiates and sustains wholesome actions against the gravity of habit.

Also known as: energy, effort, enthusiasm, zeal, application of will, persistence
Pāli: vīriya
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Last updated on July 27, 2026