The Buddha teaches the four noble truths regarding elephants and cows, urging mendicants to practice for direct knowledge of suffering, its origin, its cessation, and the path.

SN 56.90 Elephants and Cows

“Evameva kho, bhikkhave, appakā te sattā ye hatthigavassavaḷavapaṭiggahaṇā paṭiviratā; atha kho eteva bahutarā sattā ye hatthigavassavaḷavapaṭiggahaṇā appaṭiviratā …pe….

Dasamaṁ.

Tatiyaāmakadhaññapeyyālavaggo navamo.

Tassuddānaṁ

Naccaṁ sayanaṁ rajataṁ,
dhaññaṁ maṁsaṁ kumārikā;
Dāsī ajeḷakañceva,
kukkuṭasūkarahatthīti.

Reference Translation by Bhikkhu Sujato (CC0).

“Evameva kho, bhikkhave, appakā te sattā ye hatthigavassavaḷavapaṭiggahaṇā paṭiviratā; atha kho eteva bahutarā sattā ye hatthigavassavaḷavapaṭiggahaṇā appaṭiviratā …pe….

“… the sentient beings who refrain from receiving elephants, cows, horses, and mares are few, while those who don’t refrain are many. …”

Dasamaṁ.

Tatiyaāmakadhaññapeyyālavaggo navamo.

Tassuddānaṁ

Naccaṁ sayanaṁ rajataṁ,

dhaññaṁ maṁsaṁ kumārikā;

Dāsī ajeḷakañceva,

kukkuṭasūkarahatthīti.

Qualities:

Wisdom

Wisdom

Lived understanding and sound judgment that steers the mind away from suffering, distinct from mere accumulation of facts.

Also known as: (of a person) wise, astute, intelligent, learned, skilled, firm, stable, steadfast, an experiential understanding of the four noble truths
Pāli: paññā, medhā, dhīra, paṇḍita, asammūḷha
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Last updated on July 27, 2026