The Buddha teaches five kinds of suffering that particularly apply to ladies—leaving relatives for a husband's family, menstruation, pregnancy, childbirth, and serving a man—undergone by women and not by men.

SN 37.3 Particular Suffering

“Pañcimāni, bhikkhave, mātugāmassa āveṇikāni dukkhāni, yāni mātugāmo paccanubhoti, aññatreva purisehi. Katamāni pañca?

Idha, bhikkhave, mātugāmo daharova samāno patikulaṁ gacchati, ñātakehi vinā hoti. Idaṁ, bhikkhave, mātugāmassa paṭhamaṁ āveṇikaṁ dukkhaṁ, yaṁ mātugāmo paccanubhoti, aññatreva purisehi.

Puna caparaṁ, bhikkhave, mātugāmo utunī hoti. Idaṁ, bhikkhave, mātugāmassa dutiyaṁ āveṇikaṁ dukkhaṁ, yaṁ mātugāmo paccanubhoti, aññatreva purisehi.

Puna caparaṁ, bhikkhave, mātugāmo gabbhinī hoti. Idaṁ, bhikkhave, mātugāmassa tatiyaṁ āveṇikaṁ dukkhaṁ, yaṁ mātugāmo paccanubhoti, aññatreva purisehi.

Puna caparaṁ, bhikkhave, mātugāmo vijāyati. Idaṁ, bhikkhave, mātugāmassa catutthaṁ āveṇikaṁ dukkhaṁ, yaṁ mātugāmo paccanubhoti, aññatreva purisehi.

Puna caparaṁ, bhikkhave, mātugāmo purisassa pāricariyaṁ upeti. Idaṁ kho, bhikkhave, mātugāmassa pañcamaṁ āveṇikaṁ dukkhaṁ, yaṁ mātugāmo paccanubhoti, aññatreva purisehi.

Imāni kho, bhikkhave, pañca mātugāmassa āveṇikāni dukkhāni, yāni mātugāmo paccanubhoti, aññatreva purisehī”ti.

Tatiyaṁ.

Reference Translation by Bhikkhu Sujato (CC0).

“Pañcimāni, bhikkhave, mātugāmassa āveṇikāni dukkhāni, yāni mātugāmo paccanubhoti, aññatreva purisehi.

“Mendicants, there are these five kinds of suffering that particularly apply to ladies. They’re undergone by ladies and not by men.

Katamāni pañca?

What five?

Idha, bhikkhave, mātugāmo daharova samāno patikulaṁ gacchati, ñātakehi vinā hoti.

Firstly, a lady, while still young, goes to live with her husband’s family and is separated from her relatives.

Idaṁ, bhikkhave, mātugāmassa paṭhamaṁ āveṇikaṁ dukkhaṁ, yaṁ mātugāmo paccanubhoti, aññatreva purisehi.

This is the first kind of suffering that particularly applies to ladies.

Puna caparaṁ, bhikkhave, mātugāmo utunī hoti.

Furthermore, a lady undergoes the menstrual cycle.

Idaṁ, bhikkhave, mātugāmassa dutiyaṁ āveṇikaṁ dukkhaṁ, yaṁ mātugāmo paccanubhoti, aññatreva purisehi.

This is the second kind of suffering that particularly applies to ladies.

Puna caparaṁ, bhikkhave, mātugāmo gabbhinī hoti.

Furthermore, a lady undergoes pregnancy.

Idaṁ, bhikkhave, mātugāmassa tatiyaṁ āveṇikaṁ dukkhaṁ, yaṁ mātugāmo paccanubhoti, aññatreva purisehi.

This is the third kind of suffering that particularly applies to ladies.

Puna caparaṁ, bhikkhave, mātugāmo vijāyati.

Furthermore, a lady gives birth.

Idaṁ, bhikkhave, mātugāmassa catutthaṁ āveṇikaṁ dukkhaṁ, yaṁ mātugāmo paccanubhoti, aññatreva purisehi.

This is the fourth kind of suffering that particularly applies to ladies.

Puna caparaṁ, bhikkhave, mātugāmo purisassa pāricariyaṁ upeti.

Furthermore, a lady provides services for a man.

Idaṁ kho, bhikkhave, mātugāmassa pañcamaṁ āveṇikaṁ dukkhaṁ, yaṁ mātugāmo paccanubhoti, aññatreva purisehi.

This is the fifth kind of suffering that particularly applies to ladies.

Imāni kho, bhikkhave, pañca mātugāmassa āveṇikāni dukkhāni, yāni mātugāmo paccanubhoti, aññatreva purisehī”ti.

These are the five kinds of suffering that particularly apply to ladies. They’re undergone by ladies and not by men.”

Tatiyaṁ.

Qualities:

Suffering

Suffering

Unpleasantness, discontentment, dissatisfaction, stress, pain, disease, i.e. mild or intense suffering that is inherent in conditioned existence.

Also known as: discomfort, unpleasantness, discontentedness, dissatisfaction, stress, pain, disease, distress, affliction
Pāli: dukkha
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Wisdom

Wisdom

Lived understanding and sound judgment that steers the mind away from suffering, distinct from mere accumulation of facts.

Also known as: (of a person) wise, astute, intelligent, learned, skilled, firm, stable, steadfast, an experiential understanding of the four noble truths
Pāli: paññā, medhā, dhīra, paṇḍita, asammūḷha
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Last updated on July 27, 2026