The Buddha teaches on should be completely understood, applying the analysis of the five aggregates—form, feeling, perception, choices, and consciousness—to insight and release.

SN 22.106 Should Be Completely Understood

Sāvatthinidānaṁ.

“Pariññeyye ca, bhikkhave, dhamme desessāmi pariññañca pariññātāviñca puggalaṁ. Taṁ suṇātha.

Katame ca, bhikkhave, pariññeyyā dhammā? Rūpaṁ, bhikkhave, pariññeyyo dhammo. Vedanā …pe… saññāsaṅkhārāviññāṇaṁ pariññeyyo dhammo. Ime vuccanti, bhikkhave, pariññeyyā dhammā.

Katamā ca, bhikkhave, pariññā? Rāgakkhayo, dosakkhayo, mohakkhayo ayaṁ vuccati, bhikkhave, pariññā.

Katamo ca, bhikkhave, pariññātāvī puggalo? Arahātissa vacanīyaṁ. Yvāyaṁ āyasmā evaṁnāmo evaṅgotto ayaṁ vuccati, bhikkhave, pariññātāvī puggalo”ti.

Catutthaṁ.

Reference Translation by Bhikkhu Sujato (CC0).

Sāvatthinidānaṁ.

At Sāvatthī.

“Pariññeyye ca, bhikkhave, dhamme desessāmi pariññañca pariññātāviñca puggalaṁ.

“Mendicants, I will teach you the things that should be completely understood, complete understanding, and the individual who has completely understood.

Taṁ suṇātha.

Listen …

Katame ca, bhikkhave, pariññeyyā dhammā?

And what things should be completely understood?

Rūpaṁ, bhikkhave, pariññeyyo dhammo.

Form,

Vedanā …pe…

feeling,

saññā

perception,

saṅkhārā

choices,

viññāṇaṁ pariññeyyo dhammo.

and consciousness.

Ime vuccanti, bhikkhave, pariññeyyā dhammā.

These are called the things that should be completely understood.

Katamā ca, bhikkhave, pariññā?

And what is complete understanding?

Rāgakkhayo, dosakkhayo, mohakkhayo

The ending of greed, hate, and delusion.

ayaṁ vuccati, bhikkhave, pariññā.

This is called complete understanding.

Katamo ca, bhikkhave, pariññātāvī puggalo?

And who is the individual who has completely understood?

Arahātissa vacanīyaṁ.

It should be said: a perfected one,

Yvāyaṁ āyasmā evaṁnāmo evaṅgotto

the venerable of such and such name and clan.

ayaṁ vuccati, bhikkhave, pariññātāvī puggalo”ti.

This is called the individual who has completely understood.”

Catutthaṁ.

Qualities:

Aversion

Aversion

A rejecting mental quality rooted in perception, where one instinctively turns away from or resists unpleasant experiences or objects; it manifests as a tendency to push away discomfort, obstructing patience and acceptance.

Also known as: animosity, hate, hostility, fault-finding mindset, upset
Pāli: dosa, paṭighasaññā, vera
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Craving

Craving

A driving ‘thirst’ that reaches out toward experiences, identities, or outcomes as the place to find satisfaction—“if only I had that.” It spins stories of lack, binds the mind to becoming, and invariably leads to suffering.

Also known as: wanting, yearning, longing, lit. thirst
Pāli: taṇha, abhijjhā
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Delusion

Delusion

A fundamental distortion of reality that sustains confusion, clouds discernment, and fuels further doubt.

Also known as: illusion, hallucination, misapprehension, distorted view
Pāli: moha, micchāñāṇa
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Ending

Ending

The complete exhaustion and ending of craving, aversion, and delusion—the three roots of suffering. It refers to both the gradual wearing away of defilements through practice and the final cessation that constitutes Nibbāna.

Also known as: cessation, exhaustion, gradual ending, wearing away
Pāli: khaya, khīṇa, nirodha
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Greed

Greed

A grasping mental quality of craving, possessiveness, or lustful wanting that clings to objects or experiences; it fuels attachment and obstructs renunciation and contentment

Also known as: acquisitiveness, avarice, covetousness, rapacity, money grabbing, grabbiness
Pāli: lobha, gedha
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Ill will

Ill will

A mental quality of actively opposing or rejecting others in thought, manifesting as deliberate thoughts or intentions that oppose kindness and compassion; it fuels conflict and obstructs goodwill.

Also known as: actively opposing or rejecting others in thought, thought of malevolence towards another, hostile reflections towards another
Pāli: byāpāda
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Last updated on July 27, 2026