The aged Venerable Bakkula recounts to his former friend, the naked ascetic Kassapa, his eighty years without ill will, sensual thought, or village rains residence—and Kassapa ordains and quickly attains awakening.

MN 124 With Bakkula

Evaṁ me sutaṁ ekaṁ samayaṁ āyasmā bākulo rājagahe viharati veḷuvane kalandakanivāpe.

Atha kho acelakassapo āyasmato bākulassa purāṇagihisahāyo yenāyasmā bākulo tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmatā bākulena saddhiṁ sammodi. Sammodanīyaṁ kathaṁ sāraṇīyaṁ vītisāretvā ekamantaṁ nisīdi. Ekamantaṁ nisinno kho acelakassapo āyasmantaṁ bākulaṁ etadavoca: “Kīvaciraṁ pabbajitosi, āvuso bākulā”ti?

“Asīti me, āvuso, vassāni pabbajitassā”ti.

“Imehi pana te, āvuso bākula, asītiyā vassehi katikkhattuṁ methuno dhammo paṭisevito”ti?

“Na kho maṁ, āvuso kassapa, evaṁ pucchitabbaṁ: ‘imehi pana te, āvuso bākula, asītiyā vassehi katikkhattuṁ methuno dhammo paṭisevito’ti. Evañca kho maṁ, āvuso kassapa, pucchitabbaṁ: ‘imehi pana te, āvuso bākula, asītiyā vassehi katikkhattuṁ kāmasaññā uppannapubbā’”ti?

(…)

“Asīti me, āvuso, vassāni pabbajitassa nābhijānāmi kāmasaññaṁ uppannapubbaṁ”.

“Yampāyasmā bākulo asītiyā vassehi nābhijānāti kāmasaññaṁ uppannapubbaṁ idampi mayaṁ āyasmato bākulassa acchariyaṁ abbhutadhammaṁ dhārema”.

“Asīti me, āvuso, vassāni pabbajitassa nābhijānāmi byāpādasaññaṁ …pe… vihiṁsāsaññaṁ uppannapubbaṁ”.

“Yampāyasmā bākulo asītiyā vassehi nābhijānāti vihiṁsāsaññaṁ uppannapubbaṁ, idampi mayaṁ āyasmato bākulassa acchariyaṁ abbhutadhammaṁ dhārema”.

“Asīti me, āvuso, vassāni pabbajitassa nābhijānāmi kāmavitakkaṁ uppannapubbaṁ”. “Yampāyasmā bākulo asītiyā vassehi nābhijānāti kāmavitakkaṁ uppannapubbaṁ, idampi mayaṁ āyasmato bākulassa acchariyaṁ abbhutadhammaṁ dhārema”. “Asīti me, āvuso, vassāni pabbajitassa nābhijānāmi byāpādavitakkaṁ …pe… vihiṁsāvitakkaṁ uppannapubbaṁ”.

“Yampāyasmā bākulo asītiyā vassehi nābhijānāti vihiṁsāvitakkaṁ uppannapubbaṁ, idampi mayaṁ āyasmato bākulassa acchariyaṁ abbhutadhammaṁ dhārema”.

“Asīti me, āvuso, vassāni pabbajitassa nābhijānāmi gahapaticīvaraṁ sāditā”. “Yampāyasmā bākulo asītiyā vassehi nābhijānāti gahapaticīvaraṁ sāditā, idampi mayaṁ āyasmato bākulassa acchariyaṁ abbhutadhammaṁ dhārema”. “Asīti me, āvuso, vassāni pabbajitassa nābhijānāmi satthena cīvaraṁ chinditā”. “Yampāyasmā bākulo asītiyā vassehi nābhijānāti satthena cīvaraṁ chinditā …pe… dhārema”. “Asīti me, āvuso, vassāni pabbajitassa nābhijānāmi sūciyā cīvaraṁ sibbitā …pe… nābhijānāmi rajanena cīvaraṁ rajitānābhijānāmi kathine cīvaraṁ sibbitānābhijānāmi sabrahmacārīnaṁ cīvarakamme vicāritānābhijānāmi nimantanaṁ sāditānābhijānāmi evarūpaṁ cittaṁ uppannapubbaṁ: ‘aho vata maṁ koci nimanteyyā’tinābhijānāmi antaraghare nisīditānābhijānāmi antaraghare bhuñjitānābhijānāmi mātugāmassa anubyañjanaso nimittaṁ gahetānābhijānāmi mātugāmassa dhammaṁ desitā antamaso catuppadampi gāthaṁnābhijānāmi bhikkhunupassayaṁ upasaṅkamitānābhijānāmi bhikkhuniyā dhammaṁ desitānābhijānāmi sikkhamānāya dhammaṁ desitānābhijānāmi sāmaṇeriyā dhammaṁ desitānābhijānāmi pabbājetānābhijānāmi upasampādetānābhijānāmi nissayaṁ dātānābhijānāmi sāmaṇeraṁ upaṭṭhāpetānābhijānāmi jantāghare nhāyitānābhijānāmi cuṇṇena nhāyitānābhijānāmi sabrahmacārīgattaparikamme vicāritānābhijānāmi ābādhaṁ uppannapubbaṁ, antamaso gaddūhanamattampinābhijānāmi bhesajjaṁ upaharitā, antamaso haritakikhaṇḍampinābhijānāmi apassenakaṁ apassayitānābhijānāmi seyyaṁ kappetā”.

“Yampāyasmā …pe… dhārema”.

“Asīti me, āvuso, vassāni pabbajitassa nābhijānāmi gāmantasenāsane vassaṁ upagantā”.

“Yampāyasmā bākulo asītiyā vassehi nābhijānāti gāmantasenāsane vassaṁ upagantā, idampi mayaṁ āyasmato bākulassa acchariyaṁ abbhutadhammaṁ dhārema”.

“Sattāhameva kho ahaṁ, āvuso, saraṇo raṭṭhapiṇḍaṁ bhuñjiṁ; atha aṭṭhamiyaṁ aññā udapādi.

Yampāyasmā bākulo sattāhameva saraṇo raṭṭhapiṇḍaṁ bhuñji; atha aṭṭhamiyaṁ aññā udapādi idampi mayaṁ āyasmato bākulassa acchariyaṁ abbhutadhammaṁ dhārema.

Labheyyāhaṁ, āvuso bākula, imasmiṁ dhammavinaye pabbajjaṁ, labheyyaṁ upasampadan”ti. Alattha kho acelakassapo imasmiṁ dhammavinaye pabbajjaṁ, alattha upasampadaṁ.

Acirūpasampanno panāyasmā kassapo eko vūpakaṭṭho appamatto ātāpī pahitatto viharanto nacirassevayassatthāya kulaputtā sammadeva agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbajanti, tadanuttaraṁbrahmacariyapariyosānaṁ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṁ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja vihāsi.

“Khīṇā jāti, vusitaṁ brahmacariyaṁ, kataṁ karaṇīyaṁ, nāparaṁ itthattāyā”ti abbhaññāsi. Aññataro kho panāyasmā kassapo arahataṁ ahosi.

Atha kho āyasmā bākulo aparena samayena avāpuraṇaṁ ādāya vihārena vihāraṁ upasaṅkamitvā evamāha: “abhikkamathāyasmanto, abhikkamathāyasmanto. Ajja me parinibbānaṁ bhavissatī”ti.

“Yampāyasmā bākulo avāpuraṇaṁ ādāya vihārena vihāraṁ upasaṅkamitvā evamāha: ‘abhikkamathāyasmanto, abhikkamathāyasmanto; ajja me parinibbānaṁ bhavissatī’ti, idampi mayaṁ āyasmato bākulassa acchariyaṁ abbhutadhammaṁ dhārema”.

Āyasmā bākulo majjhe bhikkhusaṅghassa nisinnakova parinibbāyi.

“Yampāyasmā bākulo majjhe bhikkhusaṅghassa nisinnakova parinibbāyi, idampi mayaṁ āyasmato bākulassa acchariyaṁ abbhutadhammaṁ dhāremā”ti.

Bākulasuttaṁ niṭṭhitaṁ catutthaṁ.

Reference Translation by Bhikkhu Sujato (CC0).

Evaṁ me sutaṁ

So I have heard.

ekaṁ samayaṁ āyasmā bākulo rājagahe viharati veḷuvane kalandakanivāpe.

At one time Venerable Bakkula was staying near Rājagaha, in the Bamboo Grove, the squirrels’ feeding ground.

Atha kho acelakassapo āyasmato bākulassa purāṇagihisahāyo yenāyasmā bākulo tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmatā bākulena saddhiṁ sammodi.

Then the naked ascetic Kassapa, an old friend of Bakkula in the lay life, approached him, and exchanged greetings with him.

Sammodanīyaṁ kathaṁ sāraṇīyaṁ vītisāretvā ekamantaṁ nisīdi. Ekamantaṁ nisinno kho acelakassapo āyasmantaṁ bākulaṁ etadavoca:

When the greetings and polite conversation were over, he sat down to one side and said to Venerable Bakkula,

“Kīvaciraṁ pabbajitosi, āvuso bākulā”ti?

“Reverend Bakkula, how long has it been since you went forth?”

“Asīti me, āvuso, vassāni pabbajitassā”ti.

“It has been eighty years, reverend.”

“Imehi pana te, āvuso bākula, asītiyā vassehi katikkhattuṁ methuno dhammo paṭisevito”ti?

“But in these eighty years, how many times have you had sex?”

“Na kho maṁ, āvuso kassapa, evaṁ pucchitabbaṁ:

“You shouldn’t ask me such a question.

‘imehi pana te, āvuso bākula, asītiyā vassehi katikkhattuṁ methuno dhammo paṭisevito’ti.

Evañca kho maṁ, āvuso kassapa, pucchitabbaṁ:

Rather, you should ask me this:

‘imehi pana te, āvuso bākula, asītiyā vassehi katikkhattuṁ kāmasaññā uppannapubbā’”ti?

‘But in these eighty years, how many times have sensual perceptions ever arisen in you?’”

(…)

“But in these eighty years, how many times have sensual perceptions ever arisen in you?”

“Asīti me, āvuso, vassāni pabbajitassa nābhijānāmi kāmasaññaṁ uppannapubbaṁ”.

“In these eighty years, I don’t recall that any sensual perception has ever arisen in me.”

“Yampāyasmā bākulo asītiyā vassehi nābhijānāti kāmasaññaṁ uppannapubbaṁ idampi mayaṁ āyasmato bākulassa acchariyaṁ abbhutadhammaṁ dhārema”.

This we remember as an incredible and amazing quality of Venerable Bakkula.

“Asīti me, āvuso, vassāni pabbajitassa nābhijānāmi byāpādasaññaṁ …pe…

“In these eighty years, I don’t recall that any perception of ill will …

vihiṁsāsaññaṁ uppannapubbaṁ”.

or cruelty has ever arisen in me.”

“Yampāyasmā bākulo asītiyā vassehi nābhijānāti vihiṁsāsaññaṁ uppannapubbaṁ, idampi mayaṁ āyasmato bākulassa acchariyaṁ abbhutadhammaṁ dhārema”.

This too we remember as an incredible and amazing quality of Venerable Bakkula.

“Asīti me, āvuso, vassāni pabbajitassa nābhijānāmi kāmavitakkaṁ uppannapubbaṁ”.

“In these eighty years, I don’t recall that any thought of sensuality …

“Yampāyasmā bākulo asītiyā vassehi nābhijānāti kāmavitakkaṁ uppannapubbaṁ, idampi mayaṁ āyasmato bākulassa acchariyaṁ abbhutadhammaṁ dhārema”.

“Asīti me, āvuso, vassāni pabbajitassa nābhijānāmi byāpādavitakkaṁ …pe…

ill will …

vihiṁsāvitakkaṁ uppannapubbaṁ”.

or cruelty has ever arisen in me.”

“Yampāyasmā bākulo asītiyā vassehi nābhijānāti vihiṁsāvitakkaṁ uppannapubbaṁ, idampi mayaṁ āyasmato bākulassa acchariyaṁ abbhutadhammaṁ dhārema”.

This too we remember as an incredible and amazing quality of Venerable Bakkula.

“Asīti me, āvuso, vassāni pabbajitassa nābhijānāmi gahapaticīvaraṁ sāditā”.

“In these eighty years, I don’t recall accepting a robe from a householder …

“Yampāyasmā bākulo asītiyā vassehi nābhijānāti gahapaticīvaraṁ sāditā, idampi mayaṁ āyasmato bākulassa acchariyaṁ abbhutadhammaṁ dhārema”.

“Asīti me, āvuso, vassāni pabbajitassa nābhijānāmi satthena cīvaraṁ chinditā”.

cutting a robe with a knife …

“Yampāyasmā bākulo asītiyā vassehi nābhijānāti satthena cīvaraṁ chinditā …pe… dhārema”.

“Asīti me, āvuso, vassāni pabbajitassa nābhijānāmi sūciyā cīvaraṁ sibbitā …pe…

sewing a robe with a needle …

nābhijānāmi rajanena cīvaraṁ rajitā

dying a robe …

nābhijānāmi kathine cīvaraṁ sibbitā

sewing a robe during the robe-making ceremony …

nābhijānāmi sabrahmacārīnaṁ cīvarakamme vicāritā

wandering to look for robe material for my companions in the spiritual life when they are making robes …

nābhijānāmi nimantanaṁ sāditā

accepting an invitation …

nābhijānāmi evarūpaṁ cittaṁ uppannapubbaṁ:

having such a thought:

‘aho vata maṁ koci nimanteyyā’ti

‘If only someone would invite me!’ …

nābhijānāmi antaraghare nisīditā

sitting down inside a house …

nābhijānāmi antaraghare bhuñjitā

eating inside a house …

nābhijānāmi mātugāmassa anubyañjanaso nimittaṁ gahetā

getting caught up in the features by way of the details of a lady’s appearance …

nābhijānāmi mātugāmassa dhammaṁ desitā antamaso catuppadampi gāthaṁ

teaching a lady, even so much as a four line verse …

nābhijānāmi bhikkhunupassayaṁ upasaṅkamitā

going to the nuns’ quarters …

nābhijānāmi bhikkhuniyā dhammaṁ desitā

teaching the nuns …

nābhijānāmi sikkhamānāya dhammaṁ desitā

teaching the trainee nuns …

nābhijānāmi sāmaṇeriyā dhammaṁ desitā

teaching the novice nuns …

nābhijānāmi pabbājetā

giving the going forth …

nābhijānāmi upasampādetā

giving the ordination …

nābhijānāmi nissayaṁ dātā

giving dependence …

nābhijānāmi sāmaṇeraṁ upaṭṭhāpetā

being attended by a novice …

nābhijānāmi jantāghare nhāyitā

bathing in the sauna …

nābhijānāmi cuṇṇena nhāyitā

bathing with bath powder …

nābhijānāmi sabrahmacārīgattaparikamme vicāritā

looking for a massage from my spiritual companions …

nābhijānāmi ābādhaṁ uppannapubbaṁ, antamaso gaddūhanamattampi

being ill, even for as long as it takes to pull a cow’s udder …

nābhijānāmi bhesajjaṁ upaharitā, antamaso haritakikhaṇḍampi

being presented with medicine, even as much as a bit of yellow myrobalan …

nābhijānāmi apassenakaṁ apassayitā

leaning on a leaning-board …

nābhijānāmi seyyaṁ kappetā”.

preparing a cot …”

“Yampāyasmā …pe… dhārema”.

This too we remember as an incredible and amazing quality of Venerable Bakkula.

“Asīti me, āvuso, vassāni pabbajitassa nābhijānāmi gāmantasenāsane vassaṁ upagantā”.

“In these eighty years, I don’t recall commencing the rainy season residence within a village.”

“Yampāyasmā bākulo asītiyā vassehi nābhijānāti gāmantasenāsane vassaṁ upagantā, idampi mayaṁ āyasmato bākulassa acchariyaṁ abbhutadhammaṁ dhārema”.

This too we remember as an incredible and amazing quality of Venerable Bakkula.

“Sattāhameva kho ahaṁ, āvuso, saraṇo raṭṭhapiṇḍaṁ bhuñjiṁ;

“Reverend, for seven days I ate the nation’s almsfood as a debtor.

atha aṭṭhamiyaṁ aññā udapādi.

Then on the eighth day I became enlightened.”

Yampāyasmā bākulo sattāhameva saraṇo raṭṭhapiṇḍaṁ bhuñji; atha aṭṭhamiyaṁ aññā udapādi idampi mayaṁ āyasmato bākulassa acchariyaṁ abbhutadhammaṁ dhārema.

This too we remember as an incredible and amazing quality of Venerable Bakkula.

Labheyyāhaṁ, āvuso bākula, imasmiṁ dhammavinaye pabbajjaṁ, labheyyaṁ upasampadan”ti.

“Reverend Bakkula, may I receive the going forth, the ordination in this teaching and training?”

Alattha kho acelakassapo imasmiṁ dhammavinaye pabbajjaṁ, alattha upasampadaṁ.

And the naked ascetic Kassapa received the going forth, the ordination in this teaching and training.

Acirūpasampanno panāyasmā kassapo eko vūpakaṭṭho appamatto ātāpī pahitatto viharanto nacirassevayassatthāya kulaputtā sammadeva agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbajanti, tadanuttaraṁbrahmacariyapariyosānaṁ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṁ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja vihāsi.

Not long after his ordination, Venerable Kassapa, living alone, withdrawn, diligent, keen, and resolute, soon realized the supreme end of the spiritual path in this very life. He lived having achieved with his own insight the goal for which gentlemen rightly go forth from the lay life to homelessness.

“Khīṇā jāti, vusitaṁ brahmacariyaṁ, kataṁ karaṇīyaṁ, nāparaṁ itthattāyā”ti abbhaññāsi.

He understood: “Rebirth is ended; the spiritual journey has been completed; what had to be done has been done; there is nothing further for this place.”

Aññataro kho panāyasmā kassapo arahataṁ ahosi.

And Venerable Kassapa became one of the perfected.

Atha kho āyasmā bākulo aparena samayena avāpuraṇaṁ ādāya vihārena vihāraṁ upasaṅkamitvā evamāha:

Then some time later Venerable Bakkula, taking a latchkey, went from dwelling to dwelling, saying,

“abhikkamathāyasmanto, abhikkamathāyasmanto. Ajja me parinibbānaṁ bhavissatī”ti.

“Come forth, venerables, come forth! Today will be my full extinguishment.”

“Yampāyasmā bākulo avāpuraṇaṁ ādāya vihārena vihāraṁ upasaṅkamitvā evamāha: ‘abhikkamathāyasmanto, abhikkamathāyasmanto; ajja me parinibbānaṁ bhavissatī’ti, idampi mayaṁ āyasmato bākulassa acchariyaṁ abbhutadhammaṁ dhārema”.

This too we remember as an incredible and amazing quality of Venerable Bakkula.

Āyasmā bākulo majjhe bhikkhusaṅghassa nisinnakova parinibbāyi.

And Venerable Bakkula became fully extinguished while seated right in the middle of the Saṅgha.

“Yampāyasmā bākulo majjhe bhikkhusaṅghassa nisinnakova parinibbāyi, idampi mayaṁ āyasmato bākulassa acchariyaṁ abbhutadhammaṁ dhāremā”ti.

This too we remember as an incredible and amazing quality of Venerable Bakkula.

Bākulasuttaṁ niṭṭhitaṁ catutthaṁ.

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Pāli: samādhi, samāhita, susamāhita, sammāsamādhi
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Also known as: moral integrity, right action, virtue
Pāli: sīla, sammākammanta
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Pāli: vimutti, vimokkha, cetovimutti, paññāvimutti, akuppā cetovimutti
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Also known as: metta practice, unconditional love, goodwill meditation, goodwill, benevolence, kindness, friendliness
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Last updated on July 27, 2026