The Buddha advises to 1) dwell contemplating the unattractive nature of the body, 2) establish mindfulness as the first priority while breathing in and out, and 3) observe impermanence in all conditioned phenomena.

ITI 85  Asubhānupassī sutta - Contemplating Unattractiveness

Vuttañhetaṁ bhagavatā vuttamarahatāti me sutaṁ:

This was said by the Blessed One, said by the Arahant, as I have heard:

“Asubhānupassī, bhikkhave, kāyasmiṁ viharatha; ānāpānassati ca vo ajjhattaṁ parimukhaṁ sūpaṭṭhitā hotu; sabbasaṅkhāresu aniccānupassino viharatha.

“Bhikkhus, 1) dwell |contemplating the unattractive::seeing the disagreeable [asubhānupassī]| nature of the body. 2) Let mindfulness while breathing in and out be well established internally as first priority. 3) Dwell |observing impermanence::watching instability [aniccānupassī]| in all |conditioned phenomena::fabrications, concoctions, intentional constructs, karmic activity [saṅkhārā]|.

Asubhānupassīnaṁ, bhikkhave, kāyasmiṁ viharataṁ yo subhāya dhātuyā rāgānusayo so pahīyati. Ānāpānassatiyā ajjhattaṁ parimukhaṁ sūpaṭṭhititāya ye bāhirā vitakkāsayā vighātapakkhikā, te na honti. Sabbasaṅkhāresu aniccānupassīnaṁ viharataṁ avijjā pahīyati, vijjā uppajjatī”ti.

For those contemplating the unattractive nature of the body, the |underlying tendency towards desire::latent disposition towards sensuality [rāgānusaya]| regarding the element of |beauty::attractiveness [subha]| is abandoned. When mindfulness while breathing in and out is well established internally as the first priority, then |afflictive::troublesome [vighātapakkhika]| outward-directed discursive thinking tendencies do not arise. For those dwelling observing impermanence in all conditioned phenomena, |ignorance::fundamental unawareness or misunderstanding of the true nature of reality, not experientially understanding the four noble truths [avijjā]| is abandoned and |true knowledge::wisdom, the direct realization of truth [vijjā]| arises.”

Etamatthaṁ bhagavā avoca. Tatthetaṁ iti vuccati:

The Blessed One spoke on this matter. In this regard, it is said:

“Asubhānupassī kāyasmiṁ,
ānāpāne paṭissato;
Sabbasaṅkhārasamathaṁ,
passaṁ ātāpi sabbadā.

“Contemplating the unattractive nature of the body,
mindful while breathing in and out;
With continuous effort, seeing clearly,
the calming down of all |intentional constructs::intentions, volitions, and choices expressed as mental, verbal, and bodily activities; thought formations and constructed experiences (including proliferative tendencies); processes that produce kamma [saṅkhāra]|.

Sa ve sammaddaso bhikkhu,
yato tattha vimuccati;
Abhiññāvosito santo,
sa ve yogātigo munī”ti.

Such a bhikkhu who sees rightly,
is therein released;
Who has attained perfect understanding, peaceful,
he is truly a sage gone beyond bonds.”

Ayampi attho vutto bhagavatā, iti me sutanti.

This matter too was spoken by the Blessed One, as I have heard.

Qualities:

Examination

Examination

Process of a careful inquiry of mental states, qualities, and phenomena, examining their arising, persisting, and ceasing in order to understand their true nature and support the cultivation of wisdom and awakening

Also known as: analysis, deliberation, discursive contemplation, investigation, probing, reflection, reviewing, scrutinization, lit. picking
Pāli: vicaya, parikkhati, dhammavicaya, anupekkhita
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Insight

Insight

Insight is the deep, intuitive realization, a penetrative seeing into the true nature of things that transforms understanding

Also known as: having insight, with understanding, right knowledge
Pāli: ñāṇa, sammāñāṇa
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Mindfulness

Mindfulness

Remembering to be present with continuous effort, observing the body, feelings, mind, and mental qualities in and of themselves.

Also known as: recollecting, remembering, keeping in mind, presence, awareness
Pāli: sati, anupassanā
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Recognition of impermanence

Recognition of impermanence

Also known as: perception of impermanence, perception of instability, realization of transience
Pāli: aniccasaññā
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Recognition of unattractiveness

Recognition of unattractiveness

Also known as: perception of unattractiveness, recognition of the drawbacks
Pāli: asubhasaññā
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Ignorance

Ignorance

A fundamental blindness to the true nature of reality. It is not merely a lack of information, but an active misperception that views the transient as permanent and the unsatisfactory as a source of happiness, thereby fueling the cycle of suffering.

Also known as: illusion of knowing, fundamental unawareness of the true nature of reality, misunderstanding of how things have come to be, not knowing the four noble truths
Pāli: avijjā
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Passion

Passion

Also known as: burning fever, intense desire, strong emotion, infatuation, obsession, lust
Pāli: rāga
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Last updated on November 24, 2025