The Buddha describes the distinction between the two Nibbāna elements - 1.) one with residue remaining pertaining to this life, and 2.) one with no residue remaining and of relevance to the hereafter.

PTS 38

ITI 44 Nibbānadhātu sutta - The Nibbāna Element

Vuttañhetaṁ bhagavatā vuttamarahatāti me sutaṁ:

This was said by the Blessed One, said by the Awakened One, as I have heard:

“Dvemā, bhikkhave, nibbānadhātuyo. Katamā dve? Saupādisesā ca nibbānadhātu, anupādisesā ca nibbānadhātu.

“There are two Nibbāna elements. What are the two? The Nibbāna element with residue remaining and the Nibbāna element with no residue remaining.

Katamā ca, bhikkhave, saupādisesā nibbānadhātu? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu arahaṁ hoti khīṇāsavo vusitavā katakaraṇīyo ohitabhāro anuppattasadattho parikkhīṇabhavasaṁyojano sammadaññāvimutto. Tassa tiṭṭhanteva pañcindriyāni yesaṁ avighātattā manāpāmanāpaṁ paccanubhoti, sukhadukkhaṁ paṭisaṁvedeti. Tassa yo rāgakkhayo, dosakkhayo, mohakkhayo— ayaṁ vuccati, bhikkhave, saupādisesā nibbānadhātu.

And what is the Nibbāna element with residue remaining? Here, a bhikkhu is an Arahant, whose taints have worn away, who has fulfilled one’s training, who has done what needs to be done, who has put down the burden, who has achieved the highest goal, who has exhausted the fetter of existence, and who is liberated through complete comprehension. However, his five sense faculties remain intact, and due to that, he experiences what is agreeable and disagreeable, and feels pleasure and pain. The ending of passion, the ending of aversion, the ending of delusion—this is called the Nibbāna element with residue remaining.

Katamā ca, bhikkhave, anupādisesā nibbānadhātu? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu arahaṁ hoti khīṇāsavo vusitavā katakaraṇīyo ohitabhāro anuppattasadattho parikkhīṇabhavasaṁyojano sammadaññāvimutto. Tassa idheva, bhikkhave, sabbavedayitāni anabhinanditāni sīti bhavissanti. Ayaṁ vuccati, bhikkhave, anupādisesā nibbānadhātu. Imā kho, bhikkhave, dve nibbānadhātuyo”ti.

And what is the Nibbāna element with no residue remaining? In this case, a bhikkhu is an Arahant, whose taints have worn away, who has fulfilled one’s training, who has done what needs to be done, who has put down the burden, who has achieved the highest goal, who has exhausted the fetter of existence, and who is liberated through complete comprehension. For him, everything that is felt, being no longer delighted in, will become cool right here. This is called the Nibbāna element with no residue remaining. These are the two elements of Nibbāna.”

Etamatthaṁ bhagavā avoca. Tatthetaṁ iti vuccati:

The Blessed One spoke on this matter. In this regard, it is said:

“Duve imā cakkhumatā pakāsitā,
Nibbānadhātū anissitena tādinā;
Ekā hi dhātu idha diṭṭhadhammikā,
Saupādisesā bhavanettisaṅkhayā;
Anupādisesā pana samparāyikā,
Yamhi nirujjhanti bhavāni sabbaso.

“These two elements of Nibbāna are explained
by the clear-eyed one, the unhindered, the steadfast:
the first element, with residue remaining, pertains to this current life,
when the bond to rebirth is ended;
the second element, with no residue remaining, is of relevance to the hereafter,
where all states of existence utterly cease.

Ye etadaññāya padaṁ asaṅkhataṁ,
Vimuttacittā bhavanettisaṅkhayā;
Te dhammasārādhigamā khaye ratā,
Pahaṁsu te sabbabhavāni tādino”ti.

Those who fully understand the unconditioned,
their minds liberated, the bond to rebirth ended,
realizing the essence of the Dhamma, delighting in wearing away—
the steadfast ones relinquish all states of existence.”

Ayampi attho vutto bhagavatā, iti me sutanti.

This matter too was spoken by the Blessed One, as I have heard.

Topics & Qualities:

Complete comprehension

Complete comprehension

The thorough understanding of phenomena as they truly are—fully knowing their arising, passing, and the unsatisfactoriness inherent in them while they persist.

Also known as: full understanding, knowing full well, seeing things as they are
Pāli: pariññāya, sammadaññā, sampajañña, saṅkhāya
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Ending

Ending

The complete exhaustion and ending of craving, aversion, and delusion—the three roots of suffering. It refers to both the gradual wearing away of defilements through practice and the final cessation that constitutes Nibbāna.

Also known as: cessation, exhaustion, gradual ending, wearing away
Pāli: khaya, khīṇa, nirodha
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Giving up

Giving up

The mental quality of renunciation and release from attachment. It delights in simplicity and freedom rather than in sensual pleasure. Giving up is not loss but the joyful abandoning of burden, opening the way to peace and insight.

Also known as: renunciation, relinquishment, letting go, abandonment
Pāli: nekkhamma
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Liberation

Liberation

Liberation can imply a temporary release of the mind, i.e. liberated from certain unwholesome mental qualities or complete liberation from all unwholesome qualities of the mind, i.e. Nibbāna.

Also known as: freedom, release, emancipation, deliverance
Pāli: vimutti, vimokkha, cetovimutti, paññāvimutti, akuppā cetovimutti
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Last updated on October 2, 2026

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