The Buddha describes the four uprisings of craving that can arise in a bhikkhu - 1.) for a robe, 2.) alms food, 3.) lodging, and 4.) for this or that state of existence.

PTS 109–110

ITI 105 Taṇhuppāda sutta - Uprisings of Craving

Vuttañhetaṁ bhagavatā vuttamarahatāti me sutaṁ:

This was said by the Blessed One, said by the Awakened One, as I have heard:

“Cattārome, bhikkhave, taṇhuppādā, yattha bhikkhuno taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati. Katame cattāro? Cīvarahetu vā, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati; piṇḍapātahetu vā, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati; senāsanahetu vā, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati; itibhavābhavahetu vā, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati. Ime kho, bhikkhave, cattāro taṇhuppādā yattha bhikkhuno taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjatī”ti.

“There are these four uprisings of craving, where craving, as it arises in a bhikkhu, springs up. What four? 1.) Craving arises in a bhikkhu for the sake of a robe; 2.) craving arises in a bhikkhu for the sake of alms food; 3.) craving arises in a bhikkhu for the sake of lodging; 4.) craving arises in a bhikkhu for the sake of this or that state of existence. These are the four uprisings of craving where craving, whenever it arises in a bhikkhu, springs up.”

Etamatthaṁ bhagavā avoca. Tatthetaṁ iti vuccati:

The Blessed One spoke on this matter. In this regard, it is said:

“Taṇhādutiyo puriso,
dīghamaddhāna saṁsaraṁ;
Itthabhāvaññathābhāvaṁ,
saṁsaraṁ nātivattati.

“A person with craving as their companion,
wanders on for a long time;
from one state of existence to another,
they do not go beyond cyclic existence.

Etamādīnavaṁ ñatvā,
taṇhaṁ dukkhassa sambhavaṁ;
Vītataṇho anādāno,
sato bhikkhu paribbaje”ti.

Having understood this drawback clearly,
that craving leads to the arising of suffering;
free from craving and not grasping,
a bhikkhu should wander mindfully.”

Ayampi attho vutto bhagavatā, iti me sutanti.

This matter too was spoken by the Blessed One, as I have heard.

Qualities:

Craving

Craving

A driving ‘thirst’ that reaches out toward experiences, identities, or outcomes as the place to find satisfaction—“if only I had that.” It spins stories of lack, binds the mind to becoming, and invariably leads to suffering.

Also known as: wanting, yearning, longing, lit. thirst
Pāli: taṇha, abhijjhā
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Discernment

Discernment

Clear seeing that distinguishes what is wholesome from unwholesome, true from false.

Also known as: ability to make out distinctions, ability to discriminate, distinguish, clear seeing, penetrating internal vision
Pāli: viveka, nipaka, niccheyya
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Perceiving drawback

Perceiving drawback

The contemplative perception that discerns the danger, inadequacy, and unsatisfactoriness of conditioned pleasures, leading the mind to turn away from clinging.

Also known as: observing the disadvantage, contemplating the unsatisfactoriness
Pāli: ādīnavānupassī
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Suffering

Suffering

Unpleasantness, discontentment, dissatisfaction, stress, pain, disease, i.e. mild or intense suffering that is inherent in conditioned existence.

Also known as: discomfort, unpleasantness, discontentedness, dissatisfaction, stress, pain, disease, distress, affliction
Pāli: dukkha
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Last updated on October 26, 2026

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