The Buddha teaches, in a repeated formula, nine things to be developed for each unwholesome quality from hate, delusion, and anger through conceit, arrogance, vanity, and negligence—by way of insight, complete understanding, complete ending, giving up, and the further aims of ending, vanishing, fading away, ceasing, giving away, and letting go.
PTS 4.465“Dosassa …pe… mohassa … kodhassa … upanāhassa … makkhassa … paḷāsassa … issāya … macchariyassa … māyāya … sāṭheyyassa … thambhassa … sārambhassa … mānassa … atimānassa … madassa … pamādassa abhiññāya …pe… pariññāya … parikkhayāya … pahānāya … khayāya … vayāya … virāgāya … nirodhāya … cāgāya … paṭinissaggāya …pe… ime nava dhammā bhāvetabbā”ti.
Rāgapeyyālaṁ niṭṭhitaṁ.
Navakanipātapāḷi niṭṭhitā.
Reference Translation by Bhikkhu Sujato (CC0).
“Dosassa …pe…
“For insight into hate …
mohassa …
delusion …
kodhassa …
anger …
upanāhassa …
acrimony …
makkhassa …
disdain …
paḷāsassa …
contempt …
issāya …
jealousy …
macchariyassa …
stinginess …
māyāya …
deceitfulness …
sāṭheyyassa …
deviousness …
thambhassa …
obstinacy …
sārambhassa …
aggression …
mānassa …
conceit …
atimānassa …
arrogance …
madassa …
vanity …
pamādassa abhiññāya …pe…
for insight into negligence …
pariññāya …
complete understanding …
parikkhayāya …
complete ending …
pahānāya …
giving up …
khayāya …
ending …
vayāya …
vanishing …
virāgāya …
fading away …
nirodhāya …
ceasing …
cāgāya …
giving away …
paṭinissaggāya …pe…
letting go of negligence …
ime nava dhammā bhāvetabbā”ti.
these nine things should be developed.”
Rāgapeyyālaṁ niṭṭhitaṁ.
Navakanipātapāḷi niṭṭhitā.
The Book of the Nines is finished.
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Last updated on October 25, 2026