The Buddha teaches on living together (2nd), presenting a fourfold teaching for disciples on the path.

AN 4.54 Living Together (2nd)

“Cattārome, bhikkhave, saṁvāsā. Katame cattāro?

Chavo chavāya saddhiṁ saṁvasati,

chavo deviyā saddhiṁ saṁvasati,

devo chavāya saddhiṁ saṁvasati,

devo deviyā saddhiṁ saṁvasati.

Kathañca, bhikkhave, chavo chavāya saddhiṁ saṁvasati. Idha, bhikkhave, sāmiko hoti pāṇātipātī adinnādāyī kāmesumicchācārī musāvādī pisuṇavāco pharusavāco samphappalāpī abhijjhālu byāpannacitto micchādiṭṭhiko dussīlo pāpadhammo maccheramalapariyuṭṭhitena cetasā agāraṁ ajjhāvasati akkosakaparibhāsako samaṇabrāhmaṇānaṁ; bhariyāpissa hoti pāṇātipātinī adinnādāyinī kāmesumicchācārinī musāvādinī pisuṇavācā pharusavācā samphappalāpinī abhijjhālunī byāpannacittā micchādiṭṭhikā dussīlā pāpadhammā maccheramalapariyuṭṭhitena cetasā agāraṁ ajjhāvasati akkosikaparibhāsikā samaṇabrāhmaṇānaṁ. Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, chavo chavāya saddhiṁ saṁvasati.

Kathañca, bhikkhave, chavo deviyā saddhiṁ saṁvasati? Idha, bhikkhave, sāmiko hoti pāṇātipātī …pe… micchādiṭṭhiko dussīlo pāpadhammo maccheramalapariyuṭṭhitena cetasā agāraṁ ajjhāvasati akkosakaparibhāsako samaṇabrāhmaṇānaṁ; bhariyā khvassa hoti pāṇātipātā paṭiviratā adinnādānā paṭiviratā kāmesumicchācārā paṭiviratā musāvādā paṭiviratā pisuṇāya vācāya paṭiviratā pharusāya vācāya paṭiviratā samphappalāpā paṭiviratā anabhijjhālunī abyāpannacittā sammādiṭṭhikā sīlavatī kalyāṇadhammā vigatamalamaccherena cetasā agāraṁ ajjhāvasati anakkosikaparibhāsikā samaṇabrāhmaṇānaṁ. Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, chavo deviyā saddhiṁ saṁvasati.

Kathañca, bhikkhave, devo chavāya saddhiṁ saṁvasati? Idha, bhikkhave, sāmiko hoti pāṇātipātā paṭivirato adinnādānā paṭivirato kāmesumicchācārā paṭivirato musāvādā paṭivirato pisuṇāya vācāya paṭivirato pharusāya vācāya paṭivirato samphappalāpā paṭivirato anabhijjhālu abyāpannacitto sammādiṭṭhiko sīlavā kalyāṇadhammo vigatamalamaccherena cetasā agāraṁ ajjhāvasati anakkosakaparibhāsako samaṇabrāhmaṇānaṁ; bhariyā khvassa hoti pāṇātipātinī …pe… micchādiṭṭhikā dussīlā pāpadhammā maccheramalapariyuṭṭhitena cetasā agāraṁ ajjhāvasati akkosikaparibhāsikā samaṇabrāhmaṇānaṁ. Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, devo chavāya saddhiṁ saṁvasati.

Kathañca, bhikkhave, devo deviyā saddhiṁ saṁvasati? Idha, bhikkhave, sāmiko hoti pāṇātipātā paṭivirato …pe… sammādiṭṭhiko sīlavā kalyāṇadhammo vigatamalamaccherena cetasā agāraṁ ajjhāvasati anakkosakaparibhāsako samaṇabrāhmaṇānaṁ; bhariyāpissa hoti pāṇātipātā paṭiviratā …pe… sammādiṭṭhikā sīlavatī kalyāṇadhammā vigatamalamaccherena cetasā agāraṁ ajjhāvasati anakkosikaparibhāsikā samaṇabrāhmaṇānaṁ. Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, devo deviyā saddhiṁ saṁvasati.

Ime kho, bhikkhave, cattāro saṁvāsāti.

Ubho ca honti dussīlā,
kadariyā paribhāsakā;
Te honti jānipatayo,
chavā saṁvāsamāgatā.

Sāmiko hoti dussīlo,
kadariyo paribhāsako;
Bhariyā sīlavatī hoti,
vadaññū vītamaccharā;
Sāpi devī saṁvasati,
chavena patinā saha.

Sāmiko sīlavā hoti,
vadaññū vītamaccharo;
Bhariyā hoti dussīlā,
kadariyā paribhāsikā;
Sāpi chavā saṁvasati,
devena patinā saha.

Ubho saddhā vadaññū ca,
saññatā dhammajīvino;
Te honti jānipatayo,
aññamaññaṁ piyaṁvadā.

Atthāsaṁ pacurā honti,
phāsukaṁ upajāyati;
Amittā dummanā honti,
ubhinnaṁ samasīlinaṁ.

Idha dhammaṁ caritvāna,
samasīlabbatā ubho;
Nandino devalokasmiṁ,
modanti kāmakāmino”ti.

Catutthaṁ.

Reference Translation by Bhikkhu Sujato (CC0).

“Cattārome, bhikkhave, saṁvāsā.

“Mendicants, there are four ways of living together.

Katame cattāro?

What four?

Chavo chavāya saddhiṁ saṁvasati,

A male zombie living with a female zombie;

chavo deviyā saddhiṁ saṁvasati,

a male zombie living with a goddess;

devo chavāya saddhiṁ saṁvasati,

a god living with a female zombie;

devo deviyā saddhiṁ saṁvasati.

a god living with a goddess.

Kathañca, bhikkhave, chavo chavāya saddhiṁ saṁvasati.

And how does a male zombie live with a female zombie?

Idha, bhikkhave, sāmiko hoti pāṇātipātī adinnādāyī kāmesumicchācārī musāvādī pisuṇavāco pharusavāco samphappalāpī abhijjhālu byāpannacitto micchādiṭṭhiko dussīlo pāpadhammo maccheramalapariyuṭṭhitena cetasā agāraṁ ajjhāvasati akkosakaparibhāsako samaṇabrāhmaṇānaṁ;

It’s when the husband kills living creatures, steals, commits sexual misconduct; he uses speech that’s false, backbiting, harsh, or nonsensical; and he’s covetous, malicious, and has wrong view. He’s unethical, of bad character, living at home with his heart full of the stain of stinginess, abusing and insulting ascetics and brahmins.

bhariyāpissa hoti pāṇātipātinī adinnādāyinī kāmesumicchācārinī musāvādinī pisuṇavācā pharusavācā samphappalāpinī abhijjhālunī byāpannacittā micchādiṭṭhikā dussīlā pāpadhammā maccheramalapariyuṭṭhitena cetasā agāraṁ ajjhāvasati akkosikaparibhāsikā samaṇabrāhmaṇānaṁ.

And the wife is also … unethical, of bad character …

Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, chavo chavāya saddhiṁ saṁvasati.

That’s how a male zombie lives with a female zombie.

Kathañca, bhikkhave, chavo deviyā saddhiṁ saṁvasati?

And how does a male zombie live with a goddess?

Idha, bhikkhave, sāmiko hoti pāṇātipātī …pe… micchādiṭṭhiko dussīlo pāpadhammo maccheramalapariyuṭṭhitena cetasā agāraṁ ajjhāvasati akkosakaparibhāsako samaṇabrāhmaṇānaṁ;

It’s when the husband … is unethical, of bad character …

bhariyā khvassa hoti pāṇātipātā paṭiviratā adinnādānā paṭiviratā kāmesumicchācārā paṭiviratā musāvādā paṭiviratā pisuṇāya vācāya paṭiviratā pharusāya vācāya paṭiviratā samphappalāpā paṭiviratā anabhijjhālunī abyāpannacittā sammādiṭṭhikā sīlavatī kalyāṇadhammā vigatamalamaccherena cetasā agāraṁ ajjhāvasati anakkosikaparibhāsikā samaṇabrāhmaṇānaṁ.

But the wife doesn’t kill living creatures, steal, or commit sexual misconduct. She doesn’t use speech that’s false, backbiting, harsh, or nonsensical. And she’s contented, kind-hearted, with right view. She’s ethical, of good character, living at home with her heart rid of the stain of stinginess, not abusing and insulting ascetics and brahmins.

Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, chavo deviyā saddhiṁ saṁvasati.

That’s how a male zombie lives with a goddess.

Kathañca, bhikkhave, devo chavāya saddhiṁ saṁvasati?

And how does a god live with a female zombie?

Idha, bhikkhave, sāmiko hoti pāṇātipātā paṭivirato adinnādānā paṭivirato kāmesumicchācārā paṭivirato musāvādā paṭivirato pisuṇāya vācāya paṭivirato pharusāya vācāya paṭivirato samphappalāpā paṭivirato anabhijjhālu abyāpannacitto sammādiṭṭhiko sīlavā kalyāṇadhammo vigatamalamaccherena cetasā agāraṁ ajjhāvasati anakkosakaparibhāsako samaṇabrāhmaṇānaṁ;

It’s when the husband … is ethical, of good character …

bhariyā khvassa hoti pāṇātipātinī …pe… micchādiṭṭhikā dussīlā pāpadhammā maccheramalapariyuṭṭhitena cetasā agāraṁ ajjhāvasati akkosikaparibhāsikā samaṇabrāhmaṇānaṁ.

But the wife … is unethical, of bad character …

Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, devo chavāya saddhiṁ saṁvasati.

That’s how a god lives with a female zombie.

Kathañca, bhikkhave, devo deviyā saddhiṁ saṁvasati?

And how does a god live with a goddess?

Idha, bhikkhave, sāmiko hoti pāṇātipātā paṭivirato …pe… sammādiṭṭhiko sīlavā kalyāṇadhammo vigatamalamaccherena cetasā agāraṁ ajjhāvasati anakkosakaparibhāsako samaṇabrāhmaṇānaṁ;

It’s when the husband … is ethical, of good character …

bhariyāpissa hoti pāṇātipātā paṭiviratā …pe… sammādiṭṭhikā sīlavatī kalyāṇadhammā vigatamalamaccherena cetasā agāraṁ ajjhāvasati anakkosikaparibhāsikā samaṇabrāhmaṇānaṁ.

And the wife is also … ethical, of good character …

Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, devo deviyā saddhiṁ saṁvasati.

That’s how a god lives with a goddess.

Ime kho, bhikkhave, cattāro saṁvāsāti.

These are the four ways of living together.” …

Ubho ca honti dussīlā,

kadariyā paribhāsakā;

Te honti jānipatayo,

chavā saṁvāsamāgatā.

Sāmiko hoti dussīlo,

kadariyo paribhāsako;

Bhariyā sīlavatī hoti,

vadaññū vītamaccharā;

Sāpi devī saṁvasati,

chavena patinā saha.

Sāmiko sīlavā hoti,

vadaññū vītamaccharo;

Bhariyā hoti dussīlā,

kadariyā paribhāsikā;

Sāpi chavā saṁvasati,

devena patinā saha.

Ubho saddhā vadaññū ca,

saññatā dhammajīvino;

Te honti jānipatayo,

aññamaññaṁ piyaṁvadā.

Atthāsaṁ pacurā honti,

phāsukaṁ upajāyati;

Amittā dummanā honti,

ubhinnaṁ samasīlinaṁ.

Idha dhammaṁ caritvāna,

samasīlabbatā ubho;

Nandino devalokasmiṁ,

modanti kāmakāmino”ti.

Catutthaṁ.

Qualities:

Harm

Harm

Intention or action that causes injury or suffering to oneself or others. It arises from aversion and heedlessness and destroys trust and safety. The opposite of non-harm, it obscures compassion and leads to regret.

Also known as: injury causing behavior, destructiveness, bad, evil
Pāli: pāpaka
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Right view

Right view

View that is in line with the Dhamma — teachings of the Buddha that point to the nature of reality, the ultimate truth.

Also known as: right understanding, right belief, view that is inline with the Dhamma
Pāli: sammādiṭṭhi
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Sexual misconduct

Sexual misconduct

Transgression of boundaries in intimate relations—acting on desire in ways that betray trust, cause harm, or violate the commitments of oneself or others.

Also known as: crossing boundaries, infidelity, inappropriate sexual behavior, unfaithfulness to one's partner
Pāli: kāmesumicchācāra
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Stinginess

Stinginess

A contracted, possessive refusal to share what one has—whether material goods, knowledge, or status. It clings tightly to what is “mine,” fearing loss and closing the hand against generosity.

Also known as: miserliness, meanness, tight-fistedness
Pāli: macchariya
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Wholesome

Wholesome

Conducive to or suggestive of good health and mental well-being.

Also known as: blameless, skillful, beneficial, good, useful, healthy, nourishing, sustaining
Pāli: kusala
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Wrong view

Wrong view

A distorted understanding that sees permanence in the impermanent, satisfaction in the unsatisfactory, or self in the not-self. Wrong view guides action by delusion, obscuring cause and effect, and closes the door to wisdom and release.

Also known as: distorted or inverted perception, untrue view, false belief
Pāli: micchādiṭṭhi
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Last updated on July 27, 2026