The Buddha describes the four ways of being inclusive.

AN 4.256 Ways of Being Inclusive

“Cattārimāni, bhikkhave, saṅgahavatthūni. Katamāni cattāri? Dānaṁ, peyyavajjaṁ, atthacariyā, samānattatā Imāni kho, bhikkhave, cattāri saṅgahavatthūnī”ti.

Tatiyaṁ.

Reference Translation by Bhikkhu Sujato (CC0).

“Cattārimāni, bhikkhave, saṅgahavatthūni.

“Mendicants, there are these four ways of being inclusive.

Katamāni cattāri?

What four?

Dānaṁ, peyyavajjaṁ, atthacariyā, samānattatā

Giving, kindly words, taking care, and equality.

Imāni kho, bhikkhave, cattāri saṅgahavatthūnī”ti.

These are the four ways of being inclusive.”

Tatiyaṁ.

Topics & Qualities:

Giving

Giving

The act of generosity, sharing, or offering to others without expecting anything in return. Giving is considered a foundational virtue in Buddhist practice, fostering selflessness and compassion.

Also known as: generosity, charity, donation, almsgiving, donating, philanthropy, providing with, gift with
Pāli: dāna
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Wisdom

Wisdom

Lived understanding and sound judgment that steers the mind away from suffering, distinct from mere accumulation of facts.

Also known as: (of a person) wise, astute, intelligent, learned, skilled, firm, stable, steadfast, an experiential understanding of the four noble truths
Pāli: paññā, medhā, dhīra, paṇḍita, asammūḷha
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Last updated on July 27, 2026