The Buddha reveals the ten foundational dynamics of all phenomena. Rooted in desire and brought into being through the steering of attention, all phenomena converge on feeling, are surpassed by wisdom, and ultimately culminate in Nibbāna.

AN 10.58 Mūlaka sutta - Rooted

“Sace, bhikkhave, aññatitthiyā paribbājakā evaṁ puccheyyuṁ: ‘kiṁmūlakā, āvuso, sabbe dhammā, kiṁsambhavā sabbe dhammā, kiṁsamudayā sabbe dhammā, kiṁsamosaraṇā sabbe dhammā, kiṁpamukhā sabbe dhammā, kiṁadhipateyyā sabbe dhammā, kiṁuttarā sabbe dhammā, kiṁsārā sabbe dhammā, kiṁogadhā sabbe dhammā, kiṁpariyosānā sabbe dhammā’ti, evaṁ puṭṭhā tumhe, bhikkhave, tesaṁ aññatitthiyānaṁ paribbājakānaṁ kinti byākareyyāthā”ti?

“|Bhikkhus,::::| if wanderers of other sects were to ask you thus: ‘1.) In what, friends, are all phenomena rooted? 2.) Through what do all phenomena come into being? 3.) From what do all phenomena arise? 4.) Upon what do all phenomena converge? 5.) By what are all phenomena headed? 6.) What exercises authority over all phenomena? 7.) By what are all phenomena surpassed? 8.) What is the |essence::core, heartwood [sāra]| of all phenomena? 9.) What are all phenomena grounded upon? 10.) What is the culmination of all phenomena?’ Being asked thus, |bhikkhus,::::| how would you answer those wanderers of other sects?”

“Bhagavaṁmūlakā no, bhante, dhammā bhagavaṁnettikā bhagavaṁpaṭisaraṇā. Sādhu vata, bhante, bhagavantaṁyeva paṭibhātu etassa bhāsitassa attho. Bhagavato sutvā bhikkhū dhāressantī”ti.

“Venerable sir, our teachings are rooted in the Blessed One, guided by the Blessed One, and have the Blessed One as their refuge. It would be good, venerable sir, if the Blessed One himself would clarify the meaning of this statement. Having heard it from the Blessed One, the bhikkhus will remember it.”

“Tena hi, bhikkhave, suṇātha, sādhukaṁ manasi karotha, bhāsissāmī”ti.

“Then listen to this|, bhikkhus,::::| and pay close attention; I will speak.”

“Evaṁ, bhante”ti kho te bhikkhū bhagavato paccassosuṁ. Bhagavā etadavoca:

“Yes, venerable sir,” the bhikkhus replied to the Blessed One. The Blessed One said this:

“Sace, bhikkhave, aññatitthiyā paribbājakā evaṁ puccheyyuṁ: ‘kiṁmūlakā, āvuso, sabbe dhammā, kiṁsambhavā sabbe dhammā, kiṁsamudayā sabbe dhammā, kiṁsamosaraṇā sabbe dhammā, kiṁpamukhā sabbe dhammā, kiṁ adhipateyyā sabbe dhammā, kiṁuttarā sabbe dhammā, kiṁsārā sabbe dhammā, kiṁogadhā sabbe dhammā, kiṁpariyosānā sabbe dhammā’ti,

“|Bhikkhus,::::| if wanderers of other sects were to ask you thus: ‘In what, friends, are all phenomena rooted? Through what do all phenomena come into being? From what do all phenomena arise? Upon what do all phenomena converge? By what are all phenomena headed? What exercises authority over all phenomena? By what are all phenomena surpassed? What is the |essence::core, heartwood [sāra]| of all phenomena? What are all phenomena grounded upon? What is the culmination of all phenomena?’

evaṁ puṭṭhā tumhe, bhikkhave, tesaṁ aññatitthiyānaṁ paribbājakānaṁ evaṁ byākareyyātha: ‘chandamūlakā, āvuso, sabbe dhammā, manasikārasambhavā sabbe dhammā, phassasamudayā sabbe dhammā, vedanāsamosaraṇā sabbe dhammā, samādhippamukhā sabbe dhammā, satādhipateyyā sabbe dhammā, paññuttarā sabbe dhammā, vimuttisārā sabbe dhammā, amatogadhā sabbe dhammā, nibbānapariyosānā sabbe dhammā’ti. Evaṁ puṭṭhā tumhe, bhikkhave, tesaṁ aññatitthiyānaṁ paribbājakānaṁ evaṁ byākareyyāthā”ti.

Being asked thus, |bhikkhus,::::| you should answer those wanderers of other sects in this way: ‘1.) Friends, all phenomena are rooted in |desire::intention, wish, impulse, interest [chanda]|. 2.) All phenomena come into being through |steering of attention::focusing, bringing-to-mind; lit. making in mind [manasikāra]|. 3.) All phenomena arise from |contact::sense impingement, raw experience, touch [phassa]|. 4.) All phenomena converge upon |feeling::pleasant, neutral, or painful sensation, the experience felt on contact through eye, ear, nose, tongue, body, mind; second of the five aggregates [vedanā]|. 5.) All phenomena are headed by |collectedness::stability of mind, stillness of mind, mental composure [samādhi]|. 6.) Mindfulness exercises authority over all phenomena. 7.) All phenomena are surpassed by wisdom. 8.) Liberation is the |essence::core, heartwood [sāra]| of all phenomena. 9.) All phenomena are grounded upon the |deathless::deathless state, epithet of Nibbāna [amata]|. 10.) |Nibbāna::complete cooling, letting go of everything, deathless, freedom from calamity, the non-disintegrating; lit. blowing away [nibbāna]| is the culmination of all phenomena.’ Being asked thus, |bhikkhus,::::| you should answer those wanderers of other sects in this way.”

A similar discourse is at AN 8.83.

Topics & Qualities:

Collectedness

Collectedness

A mental quality of composure where awareness is gathered, steady, rather than scattered or tense. In such collectedness, supported by mindfulness and right view, experience is clearly known and can be wisely contemplated.

Also known as: mental composure, stability of mind, stillness of mind, concentration, undistracted awareness
Pāli: samādhi, samāhita, susamāhita, sammāsamādhi
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Contact

Contact

The meeting of sense faculty, sense object, and the corresponding consciousness—the convergence of three. Contact is where experience actually touches: from it arise feeling, intention, and perception, and it is the pivotal link between the sense bases and the rest of mental life. It is one of the factors of name (mentality) and a central node in dependent origination.

Also known as: sense impingement, sense impression
Pāli: phassa
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Desire

Desire

A wholesome motivation, interest, or objective that acts as the starting point for effort and application of will.

Also known as: aspiration, interest, wish, having an objective, intention, impulse
Pāli: chanda
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Ending

Ending

The complete exhaustion and ending of craving, aversion, and delusion—the three roots of suffering. It refers to both the gradual wearing away of defilements through practice and the final cessation that constitutes Nibbāna.

Also known as: cessation, exhaustion, gradual ending, wearing away
Pāli: khaya, khīṇa, nirodha
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Liberation

Liberation

Liberation can imply a temporary release of the mind, i.e. liberated from certain unwholesome mental qualities or complete liberation from all unwholesome qualities of the mind, i.e. Nibbāna.

Also known as: freedom, release, emancipation, deliverance
Pāli: vimutti, vimokkha, cetovimutti, paññāvimutti, akuppā cetovimutti
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Mindfulness

Mindfulness

Remembering to be present with continuous effort, observing the body, feelings, mind, and mental qualities in and of themselves.

Also known as: recollecting, remembering, keeping in mind, presence, awareness
Pāli: sati, anupassanā
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Radical attention

Radical attention

Attending to the structural container or matrix from which an experience originates. Rather than fixating on the foreground content, it discerns the underlying conditions and framework of the experience, preventing the mind from getting swept up in proliferation.

Also known as: wise attention, root-level attention, attention to the structural source, contextual reflection
Pāli: yonisomanasikāra
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Wisdom

Wisdom

Lived understanding and sound judgment that steers the mind away from suffering, distinct from mere accumulation of facts.

Also known as: (of a person) wise, astute, intelligent, learned, skilled, firm, stable, steadfast, an experiential understanding of the four noble truths
Pāli: paññā, medhā, dhīra, paṇḍita, asammūḷha
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Last updated on July 11, 2026