Soon after his awakening, the Buddha reflects that he is freed from pointless mortification; Māra accuses him of straying from the path of purity, and the Buddha answers that ethics, immersion, and wisdom led to ultimate purity.

SN 4.1 Mortification

Evaṁ me sutaṁ ekaṁ samayaṁ bhagavā uruvelāyaṁ viharati najjā nerañjarāya tīre ajapālanigrodhamūle paṭhamābhisambuddho.

Atha kho bhagavato rahogatassa paṭisallīnassa evaṁ cetaso parivitakko udapādi: “mutto vatamhi tāya dukkarakārikāya. Sādhu mutto vatamhi tāya anatthasaṁhitāya dukkarakārikāya. Sādhu vatamhi mutto bodhiṁ samajjhagan”ti.

Atha kho māro pāpimā bhagavato cetasā cetoparivitakkamaññāya yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṁ gāthāya ajjhabhāsi:

“Tapokammā apakkamma,
yena sujjhanti māṇavā;
Asuddho maññasi suddho,
suddhimaggā aparaddho”ti.

Atha kho bhagavā “māro ayaṁ pāpimā” iti viditvā māraṁ pāpimantaṁ gāthāhi ajjhabhāsi:

“Anatthasaṁhitaṁ ñatvā,
yaṁ kiñci amaraṁ tapaṁ;
Sabbaṁ natthāvahaṁ hoti,
phiyārittaṁva dhammani.

Sīlaṁ samādhi paññañca,
Maggaṁ bodhāya bhāvayaṁ;
Pattosmi paramaṁ suddhiṁ,
Nihato tvamasi antakā”ti.

Atha kho māro pāpimā “jānāti maṁ bhagavā, jānāti maṁ sugato”ti, dukkhī dummano tatthevantaradhāyīti.

Reference Translation by Bhikkhu Sujato (CC0).

Evaṁ me sutaṁ

So I have heard.

ekaṁ samayaṁ bhagavā uruvelāyaṁ viharati najjā nerañjarāya tīre ajapālanigrodhamūle paṭhamābhisambuddho.

At one time, when he was first awakened, the Buddha was staying in Uruvelā at the root of the goatherd’s banyan tree on the bank of the Nerañjarā River.

Atha kho bhagavato rahogatassa paṭisallīnassa evaṁ cetaso parivitakko udapādi:

Then as he was in private retreat this thought came to his mind,

“mutto vatamhi tāya dukkarakārikāya.

“I am truly freed from that grueling work!

Sādhu mutto vatamhi tāya anatthasaṁhitāya dukkarakārikāya.

Thank goodness I’m freed from that pointless grueling work.

Sādhu vatamhi mutto bodhiṁ samajjhagan”ti.

Thank goodness I’m freed and have attained awakening.”

Atha kho māro pāpimā bhagavato cetasā cetoparivitakkamaññāya yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṁ gāthāya ajjhabhāsi:

And then Māra the Wicked, knowing the Buddha’s train of thought, went up to him and addressed him in verse:

“Tapokammā apakkamma,

“You’ve left the practice of mortification

yena sujjhanti māṇavā;

by which sons of men purify themselves.

Asuddho maññasi suddho,

You’re impure, but think yourself pure;

suddhimaggā aparaddho”ti.

you’ve strayed from the path of purity.”

Atha kho bhagavā “māro ayaṁ pāpimā” iti viditvā māraṁ pāpimantaṁ gāthāhi ajjhabhāsi:

Then the Buddha, knowing that this was Māra the Wicked, replied to him in verse:

“Anatthasaṁhitaṁ ñatvā,

“I realized that it’s pointless;

yaṁ kiñci amaraṁ tapaṁ;

all that endless mortification

Sabbaṁ natthāvahaṁ hoti,

is as futile

phiyārittaṁva dhammani.

as oars and rudder on dry land.

Sīlaṁ samādhi paññañca,

Ethics, immersion, and wisdom:

Maggaṁ bodhāya bhāvayaṁ;

by developing this path to awakening

Pattosmi paramaṁ suddhiṁ,

I attained ultimate purity.

Nihato tvamasi antakā”ti.

You’re beaten, terminator!”

Atha kho māro pāpimā “jānāti maṁ bhagavā, jānāti maṁ sugato”ti, dukkhī dummano tatthevantaradhāyīti.

Then Māra the Wicked, thinking, “The Buddha knows me! The Holy One knows me!” miserable and sad, vanished right there.

Topics & Qualities:

Collectedness

Collectedness

A mental quality of composure where awareness is gathered, steady, rather than scattered or tense. In such collectedness, supported by mindfulness and right view, experience is clearly known and can be wisely contemplated.

Also known as: mental composure, stability of mind, stillness of mind, concentration, undistracted awareness
Pāli: samādhi, samāhita, susamāhita, sammāsamādhi
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Wisdom

Wisdom

Lived understanding and sound judgment that steers the mind away from suffering, distinct from mere accumulation of facts.

Also known as: (of a person) wise, astute, intelligent, learned, skilled, firm, stable, steadfast, an experiential understanding of the four noble truths
Pāli: paññā, medhā, dhīra, paṇḍita, asammūḷha
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Last updated on July 27, 2026