The Buddha teaches Venerable Rādha on the five aggregates regarding subject to māra, guiding him toward insight, dispassion, and liberation.

SN 23.12 Subject to Māra

Sāvatthinidānaṁ.

Ekamantaṁ nisinno kho āyasmā rādho bhagavantaṁ etadavoca:

“‘māradhammo, māradhammo’ti, bhante, vuccati. Katamo nu kho, bhante, māradhammo”ti?

“Rūpaṁ kho, rādha, māradhammo, vedanā māradhammo, saññā māradhammo, saṅkhārā māradhammo, viññāṇaṁ māradhammo.

Evaṁ passaṁ …pe… nāparaṁ itthattāyāti pajānātī”ti.

Dutiyaṁ.

Reference Translation by Bhikkhu Sujato (CC0).

Sāvatthinidānaṁ.

At Sāvatthī.

Ekamantaṁ nisinno kho āyasmā rādho bhagavantaṁ etadavoca:

Seated to one side, Venerable Rādha said to the Buddha:

“‘māradhammo, māradhammo’ti, bhante, vuccati.

“Sir, they speak of ‘Māra nature’.

Katamo nu kho, bhante, māradhammo”ti?

What is of Māra nature?”

“Rūpaṁ kho, rādha, māradhammo, vedanā māradhammo, saññā māradhammo, saṅkhārā māradhammo, viññāṇaṁ māradhammo.

“Rādha, form is of Māra nature. Feeling, perception, choices, and consciousness are of Māra nature.

Evaṁ passaṁ …pe…

Seeing this …

nāparaṁ itthattāyāti pajānātī”ti.

They understand: ‘… there is nothing further for this place.’”

Dutiyaṁ.

Qualities:

Wisdom

Wisdom

Lived understanding and sound judgment that steers the mind away from suffering, distinct from mere accumulation of facts.

Also known as: (of a person) wise, astute, intelligent, learned, skilled, firm, stable, steadfast, an experiential understanding of the four noble truths
Pāli: paññā, medhā, dhīra, paṇḍita, asammūḷha
View all discourses →

Last updated on July 27, 2026