The young deity Maghada asks how many lamps light up the world; the Buddha answers that sun, moon, fire, and a Buddha are the four—there is no fifth.

SN 2.4 With Maghada

Sāvatthinidānaṁ.

Ekamantaṁ ṭhito kho māgadho devaputto bhagavantaṁ gāthāya ajjhabhāsi:

“Kati lokasmiṁ pajjotā,
yehi loko pakāsati;
Bhavantaṁ puṭṭhumāgamma,
kathaṁ jānemu taṁ mayan”ti.

“Cattāro loke pajjotā,
pañcamettha na vijjati;
Divā tapati ādicco,
rattimābhāti candimā.

Atha aggi divārattiṁ,
tattha tattha pakāsati;
Sambuddho tapataṁ seṭṭho,
esā ābhā anuttarā”ti.

Reference Translation by Bhikkhu Sujato (CC0).

Sāvatthinidānaṁ.

At Sāvatthī.

Ekamantaṁ ṭhito kho māgadho devaputto bhagavantaṁ gāthāya ajjhabhāsi:

Standing to one side, the godling Maghada addressed the Buddha in verse:

“Kati lokasmiṁ pajjotā,

“How many lamps are there

yehi loko pakāsati;

that light up the world?

Bhavantaṁ puṭṭhumāgamma,

We’ve come to ask the Buddha;

kathaṁ jānemu taṁ mayan”ti.

how are we to understand this?”

“Cattāro loke pajjotā,

“There are four lamps in the world,

pañcamettha na vijjati;

a fifth is not found.

Divā tapati ādicco,

The sun blazes by day,

rattimābhāti candimā.

the moon radiates at night,

Atha aggi divārattiṁ,

while a fire illuminates both

tattha tattha pakāsati;

by day and by night.

Sambuddho tapataṁ seṭṭho,

But a Buddha is the best of blazes:

esā ābhā anuttarā”ti.

this is the supreme radiance.”

Qualities:

Wisdom

Wisdom

Lived understanding and sound judgment that steers the mind away from suffering, distinct from mere accumulation of facts.

Also known as: (of a person) wise, astute, intelligent, learned, skilled, firm, stable, steadfast, an experiential understanding of the four noble truths
Pāli: paññā, medhā, dhīra, paṇḍita, asammūḷha
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Last updated on July 27, 2026