Venerable Kaccāna asks the Buddha about the cause of the arising of the view regarding those who are not fully awakened Buddhas that they are in fact fully awakened Buddhas.

SN 14.13  Giñjakāvasatha sutta - Brick House

Ekaṁ samayaṁ bhagavā ñātike viharati giñjakāvasathe. Tatra kho bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesi: “bhikkhavo”ti.

At one time, the Blessed One was dwelling at |Ñātika::also known as Nātika or Nādika. It was a town in the Vajjī region, located between Vesāli and Koṭigāma|, at the Brick House. There, the Blessed One addressed the bhikkhus: “Bhikkhus.”

“Bhadante”ti te bhikkhū bhagavato paccassosuṁ. Bhagavā etadavoca:

“Venerable sir,” those bhikkhus replied to the Blessed One. The Blessed One said this:

“Dhātuṁ, bhikkhave, paṭicca uppajjati saññā, uppajjati diṭṭhi, uppajjati vitakko”ti.

“Bhikkhus, |dependent on::contingent on, supported by, grounded on [paṭicca]| the |element::one of the eighteen components of perceptual experience, corresponding to the six sense organs, their associated external field and corresponding consciousness [dhātu]|, there arises a |perception::conception, a notion, a recognition [saññā]|, there arises a |view::belief, an opinion, a concept, a theory [diṭṭhi]|, there arises a |thought::a train of thought, a reflection, thinking [vitakka]|.”

Evaṁ vutte, āyasmā kaccāno bhagavantaṁ etadavoca: “yāyaṁ, bhante, diṭṭhi: ‘asammāsambuddhesu sammāsambuddhā’ti, ayaṁ nu kho, bhante, diṭṭhi kiṁ paṭicca paññāyatī”ti?

When this was said, the venerable Kaccāna addressed the Blessed One: “Venerable sir, regarding those who are not fully awakened Buddhas, the view arises, ‘These are in fact fully awakened Buddhas.’ Dependent on what, venerable sir, |does this view arise::can this view be discerned [diṭṭhi + paññāyati]|?”

“Mahati kho esā, kaccāna, dhātu yadidaṁ avijjādhātu. Hīnaṁ, kaccāna, dhātuṁ paṭicca uppajjati hīnā saññā, hīnā diṭṭhi, hīno vitakko, hīnā cetanā, hīnā patthanā, hīno paṇidhi, hīno puggalo, hīnā vācā; hīnaṁ ācikkhati deseti paññapeti paṭṭhapeti vivarati vibhajati uttānīkaroti; hīnā tassa upapattīti vadāmi.

“Mighty, Kaccāna, is this element, namely the element of |ignorance::fundamental unawareness or misunderstanding of the true nature of reality, not experientially understanding the four noble truths [avijjā]|. Dependent on an |inferior::low, deficient [hīna]| element, Kaccāna, there arises an inferior perception, an inferior view, an inferior thought, an inferior |intention::volition, will; the active mental force that organizes and directs associated mental states toward an object. [cetanā]|, an inferior |wish::a prayer, a longing [patthanā]|, an inferior |aspiration::a determination [paṇidhi]|, an inferior person, and an inferior speech. One explains, teaches, presents, establishes, reveals, analyzes, and clarifies what is inferior. His |rebirth::re-arising, reappearance; lit. going near [upapatti]|, I say, is inferior.

Majjhimaṁ, kaccāna, dhātuṁ paṭicca uppajjati majjhimā saññā, majjhimā diṭṭhi, majjhimo vitakko, majjhimā cetanā, majjhimā patthanā, majjhimo paṇidhi, majjhimo puggalo, majjhimā vācā; majjhimaṁ ācikkhati deseti paññapeti paṭṭhapeti vivarati vibhajati uttānīkaroti; majjhimā tassa upapattīti vadāmi.

Dependent on a middling element, there arises a middling perception, a middling view, a middling thought, a middling intention, a middling wish, a middling aspiration, a middling person, and a middling speech. One explains, teaches, presents, establishes, reveals, analyzes, and clarifies what is middling. His rebirth, I say, is middling.

Paṇītaṁ, kaccāna, dhātuṁ paṭicca uppajjati paṇītā saññā, paṇītā diṭṭhi, paṇīto vitakko, paṇītā cetanā, paṇītā patthanā, paṇīto paṇidhi, paṇīto puggalo, paṇītā vācā; paṇītaṁ ācikkhati deseti paññapeti paṭṭhapeti vivarati vibhajati uttānīkaroti; paṇītā tassa upapattīti vadāmī”ti.

Dependent on a superior element, there arises a superior perception, a superior view, a superior thought, a superior intention, a superior wish, a superior aspiration, a superior person, and a superior speech. One explains, teaches, presents, establishes, reveals, analyzes, and clarifies what is superior. His rebirth, I say, is superior.”

Last updated on May 8, 2026