The Buddha teaches on name and form, presenting an analysis of dependent origination and the causal links that give rise to suffering.

SN 12.58 Name and Form

Sāvatthiyaṁ viharati.

“Saṁyojaniyesu, bhikkhave, dhammesu assādānupassino viharato nāmarūpassa avakkanti hoti. Nāmarūpapaccayā saḷāyatanaṁ …pe… evametassa kevalassa dukkhakkhandhassa samudayo hoti.

Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, mahārukkho. Tassa yāni ceva mūlāni adhogamāni, yāni ca tiriyaṅgamāni, sabbāni tāni uddhaṁ ojaṁ abhiharanti. Evañhi so, bhikkhave, mahārukkho tadāhāro tadupādāno ciraṁ dīghamaddhānaṁ tiṭṭheyya.

Evameva kho, bhikkhave, saṁyojaniyesu dhammesu assādānupassino viharato nāmarūpassa avakkanti hoti …pe….

Saṁyojaniyesu, bhikkhave, dhammesu ādīnavānupassino viharato nāmarūpassa avakkanti na hoti. Nāmarūpanirodhā saḷāyatananirodho …pe… evametassa kevalassa dukkhakkhandhassa nirodho hoti.

Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, mahārukkho. Atha puriso āgaccheyya kuddālapiṭakaṁ ādāya …pe… āyatiṁ anuppādadhammo.

Evameva kho, bhikkhave, saṁyojaniyesu dhammesu ādīnavānupassino viharato nāmarūpassa avakkanti na hoti. Nāmarūpanirodhā saḷāyatananirodho …pe… evametassa kevalassa dukkhakkhandhassa nirodho hotī”ti.

Aṭṭhamaṁ.

Reference Translation by Bhikkhu Sujato (CC0).

Sāvatthiyaṁ viharati.

At Sāvatthī.

“Saṁyojaniyesu, bhikkhave, dhammesu assādānupassino viharato nāmarūpassa avakkanti hoti.

“There are things that tighten the fetters. When you concentrate on the gratification provided by these things, name and form are conceived.

Nāmarūpapaccayā saḷāyatanaṁ …pe…

Name and form are requirements for the six sense fields. …

evametassa kevalassa dukkhakkhandhassa samudayo hoti.

That is how this entire mass of suffering originates.

Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, mahārukkho.

Suppose there was a great tree.

Tassa yāni ceva mūlāni adhogamāni, yāni ca tiriyaṅgamāni, sabbāni tāni uddhaṁ ojaṁ abhiharanti.

And its roots going downwards and across all draw the sap upwards.

Evañhi so, bhikkhave, mahārukkho tadāhāro tadupādāno ciraṁ dīghamaddhānaṁ tiṭṭheyya.

Fed and fuelled by that, the great tree would stand for a long time.

Evameva kho, bhikkhave, saṁyojaniyesu dhammesu assādānupassino viharato nāmarūpassa avakkanti hoti …pe….

In the same way, there are things that tighten the fetters. When you concentrate on the gratification provided by these things, name and form are conceived. …

Saṁyojaniyesu, bhikkhave, dhammesu ādīnavānupassino viharato nāmarūpassa avakkanti na hoti.

There are things that tighten the fetters. When you concentrate on the drawbacks of these things, name and form are not conceived.

Nāmarūpanirodhā saḷāyatananirodho …pe…

When name and form cease, the six sense fields cease. …

evametassa kevalassa dukkhakkhandhassa nirodho hoti.

That is how this entire mass of suffering ceases.

Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, mahārukkho.

Suppose there was a great tree.

Atha puriso āgaccheyya kuddālapiṭakaṁ ādāya …pe…

Then a person comes along with a spade and basket. …

āyatiṁ anuppādadhammo.

In this way the great tree is cut off at the root, made like a palm stump, obliterated, and unable to arise in the future.

Evameva kho, bhikkhave, saṁyojaniyesu dhammesu ādīnavānupassino viharato nāmarūpassa avakkanti na hoti.

In the same way, there are things that tighten the fetters. When you concentrate on the drawbacks of these things, name and form are not conceived.

Nāmarūpanirodhā saḷāyatananirodho …pe…

When name and form cease, the six sense fields cease. …

evametassa kevalassa dukkhakkhandhassa nirodho hotī”ti.

That is how this entire mass of suffering ceases.”

Aṭṭhamaṁ.

Qualities:

Suffering

Suffering

Unpleasantness, discontentment, dissatisfaction, stress, pain, disease, i.e. mild or intense suffering that is inherent in conditioned existence.

Also known as: discomfort, unpleasantness, discontentedness, dissatisfaction, stress, pain, disease, distress, affliction
Pāli: dukkha
View all discourses →
Wisdom

Wisdom

Lived understanding and sound judgment that steers the mind away from suffering, distinct from mere accumulation of facts.

Also known as: (of a person) wise, astute, intelligent, learned, skilled, firm, stable, steadfast, an experiential understanding of the four noble truths
Pāli: paññā, medhā, dhīra, paṇḍita, asammūḷha
View all discourses →

Last updated on July 27, 2026