After the rains, the Blessed One tells the bhikkhus that unsurpassed liberation is reached by radical attention and right striving. Māra claims he is still bound. A close parallel is SN 4.4.

KD 1.10 Dutiyamārakathā - Māra’s Snare

Atha kho bhagavā vassaṁvuṭṭho bhikkhū āmantesi— “mayhaṁ kho, bhikkhave, yoniso manasikārā yoniso sammappadhānā anuttarā vimutti anuppattā, anuttarā vimutti sacchikatā. Tumhepi, bhikkhave, yoniso manasikārā yoniso sammappadhānā anuttaraṁ vimuttiṁ anupāpuṇātha, anuttaraṁ vimuttiṁ sacchikarothā”ti.

Then the Blessed One, having spent the rains, addressed the bhikkhus: “Bhikkhus, it is through radical attention and radically striving aright that I have attained the unsurpassed liberation and personally experienced the unsurpassed liberation. You too, bhikkhus, should attain the unsurpassed liberation and personally experience the unsurpassed liberation through radical attention and right striving.”

Atha kho māro pāpimā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṁ gāthāya ajjhabhāsi— “Baddhosi mārapāsehi, ye dibbā ye ca mānusā; Mahābandhanabaddhosi, na me samaṇa mokkhasī”ti. “Muttāhaṁ mārapāsehi, Ye dibbā ye ca mānusā; Mahābandhanamuttomhi, Nihato tvamasi antakā”ti. Atha kho māro pāpimā— “jānāti maṁ bhagavā, jānāti maṁ sugato”ti dukkhī dummano tatthevantaradhāyi.

Then Māra the Evil One approached the Blessed One and addressed him in verse:
“You are bound by Māra’s snares,
those that are divine and those that are human.
You are bound by a great bond.
You will not escape me, ascetic.”
“I am freed from Māra’s snares,
those that are divine and those that are human.
I am freed from the great bond.
You are defeated, End-maker.”
Then Māra the Evil One, thinking, “The Blessed One knows me. The Accomplished One knows me,” miserable and dejected, vanished right there.

Topics & Qualities:

Liberation

Liberation

Liberation can imply a temporary release of the mind, i.e. liberated from certain unwholesome mental qualities or complete liberation from all unwholesome qualities of the mind, i.e. Nibbāna.

Also known as: freedom, release, emancipation, deliverance
Pāli: vimutti, vimokkha, cetovimutti, paññāvimutti, akuppā cetovimutti
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Radical attention

Radical attention

The active, deliberate steering of the mind away from habitual, automated reaction patterns. It is the wise steering of attention based on a theme of the Dhamma.

Also known as: wise steering of attention, root-level attention, attention to the structural source, contextual reflection
Pāli: yonisomanasikāra
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Right effort

Right effort

Energy and resolve directed toward preventing unwholesome states from arising, abandoning arisen unwholesome states, cultivating wholesome states, and maintaining arisen wholesome states; persistent application of the mind aligned with the path.

Also known as: right endeavor, right striving
Pāli: sammāvāyāma, padhāna
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Person:

Māra the Evil One

Māra the Evil One is death and desire personified, and the suttas follow him to work. For seven years he pursued the Buddha, by his own admission, and found no vulnerability (SN 4.24). He came as a terrifying elephant king in the rain (SN 4.2), as hypnotic rainbow colors (SN 4.3), as crashing boulders on Vulture's Peak (SN 4.11); he claimed the six sense fields as his farm (SN 4.19), offered an empire without conquest (SN 4.20), and sent his daughters Craving, Malignancy, and Lust (SN 4.25). Each time the Buddha recognized him and answered in verse, declaring the defeat of the Wicked One.

When the Teacher was beyond reach, Māra turned to the disciples, and lost there too. The nuns Āḷavikā, Somā, Kisāgotamī, Vijayā, Uppalavaṇṇā, Cālā, Upacālā, Sīsupacālā, Selā, and Vajirā each sent him away in verse, Vajirā dissolving his 'who made this being?' into a mere heap of conditions, like a chariot assembled from parts (SN 5.1–10); Samiddhi was steadied against his terror noise (SN 4.22); and when he slipped into Moggallāna's belly, the master of psychic power simply told him what the trip would cost (MN 50). His one clear victory came at the end: at the Cāpāla shrine he pressed the Buddha's own promise, and the life force was relinquished (AN 8.70).

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Last updated on October 29, 2026

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