The Buddha describes the four individuals—one who practices to benefit themselves, but not others;, one who practices to benefit others, but not themselves;, and one who practices to benefit neither themselves nor others; and.

AN 4.98 To Benefit Oneself

“Cattārome, bhikkhave, puggalā santo saṁvijjamānā lokasmiṁ. Katame cattāro?

Attahitāya paṭipanno no parahitāya,

parahitāya paṭipanno no attahitāya,

nevattahitāya paṭipanno no parahitāya,

attahitāya ceva paṭipanno parahitāya ca.

Ime kho, bhikkhave, cattāro puggalā santo saṁvijjamānā lokasmin”ti.

Aṭṭhamaṁ.

Reference Translation by Bhikkhu Sujato (CC0).

“Cattārome, bhikkhave, puggalā santo saṁvijjamānā lokasmiṁ.

“Mendicants, these four individuals are found in the world.

Katame cattāro?

What four?

Attahitāya paṭipanno no parahitāya,

One who practices to benefit themselves, but not others;

parahitāya paṭipanno no attahitāya,

one who practices to benefit others, but not themselves;

nevattahitāya paṭipanno no parahitāya,

one who practices to benefit neither themselves nor others; and

attahitāya ceva paṭipanno parahitāya ca.

one who practices to benefit both themselves and others.

Ime kho, bhikkhave, cattāro puggalā santo saṁvijjamānā lokasmin”ti.

These are the four individuals found in the world.”

Aṭṭhamaṁ.

Qualities:

Wisdom

Wisdom

Lived understanding and sound judgment that steers the mind away from suffering, distinct from mere accumulation of facts.

Also known as: (of a person) wise, astute, intelligent, learned, skilled, firm, stable, steadfast, an experiential understanding of the four noble truths
Pāli: paññā, medhā, dhīra, paṇḍita, asammūḷha
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Last updated on July 27, 2026