The Buddha explains the three kinds of persons found existing in the world and who should not be associated with, who should be associated with, and who should be attended to closely with honor and respect.

AN 3.26  Sevitabba sutta - Should Be Associated With

“Tayome, bhikkhave, puggalā santo saṁvijjamānā lokasmiṁ. Katame tayo? Atthi, bhikkhave, puggalo na sevitabbo na bhajitabbo na payirupāsitabbo. Atthi, bhikkhave, puggalo sevitabbo bhajitabbo payirupāsitabbo. Atthi, bhikkhave, puggalo sakkatvā garuṁ katvā sevitabbo bhajitabbo payirupāsitabbo.

“Bhikkhus, there are these three kinds of persons found existing in the world. What three? 1) There is a person who |should not be associated with::should not be followed [na sevitabba]|, |should not be kept company with::should not be friended [na bhajitabba]|, and should not be attended to closely. 2) There is a person who should be associated with, should be kept company with, and should be attended to closely. 3) And there is a person who should be associated with, should be kept company with, and should be attended to closely with honor and respect.

Katamo ca, bhikkhave, puggalo na sevitabbo na bhajitabbo na payirupāsitabbo? Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco puggalo hīno hoti sīlena samādhinā paññāya. Evarūpo, bhikkhave, puggalo na sevitabbo na bhajitabbo na payirupāsitabbo aññatra anuddayā aññatra anukampā.

1.) And what kind of person, bhikkhus, should not be associated with, should not be kept company with, and should not be closely attended to? Here, bhikkhus, a certain person is |deficient::lacking, inferior [hīna]| in |virtue::moral conduct, ethical behavior [sīla]|, |collectedness::stability of mind, stillness of mind, mental composure [samādhi]|, and |wisdom::distinctive knowledge, discernment [paññā]|. Such a person should not be associated with, should not be kept company with, and should not be closely attended to, except out of |compassion::tender-heartedness, kindness [anuddayā]| or |sympathy::benevolence, protectiveness, gentle regard [anukampā]|.

Katamo ca, bhikkhave, puggalo sevitabbo bhajitabbo payirupāsitabbo? Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco puggalo sadiso hoti sīlena samādhinā paññāya. Evarūpo, bhikkhave, puggalo sevitabbo bhajitabbo payirupāsitabbo. Taṁ kissa hetu? Sīlasāmaññagatānaṁ sataṁ sīlakathā ca no bhavissati, ca no pavattinī bhavissati, ca no phāsu bhavissati. Samādhisāmaññagatānaṁ sataṁ samādhikathā ca no bhavissati, ca no pavattinī bhavissati, ca no phāsu bhavissati. Paññāsāmaññagatānaṁ sataṁ paññākathā ca no bhavissati, ca no pavattinī bhavissati, ca no phāsu bhavissatīti. Tasmā evarūpo puggalo sevitabbo bhajitabbo payirupāsitabbo.

2.) And what kind of person, bhikkhus, should be associated with, should be kept company with, and should be closely attended to? Here, bhikkhus, a certain person is similar in virtue, collectedness, and wisdom. Such a person, bhikkhus, should be associated with, should be kept company with, and should be closely attended to. For what reason? [Because one considers:] ‘Since we are similar in virtue, when there is a discussion on virtue, it will continue, and it will be comfortable for us. Since we are similar in collectedness, when there is a discussion on collectedness, it will continue, and it will be comfortable for us. Since we are similar in wisdom, when there is a discussion on wisdom, it will continue, and it will be comfortable for us.’ Therefore, such a person should be associated with, should be kept company with, and should be closely attended to.

Katamo ca, bhikkhave, puggalo sakkatvā garuṁ katvā sevitabbo bhajitabbo payirupāsitabbo? Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco puggalo adhiko hoti sīlena samādhinā paññāya. Evarūpo, bhikkhave, puggalo sakkatvā garuṁ katvā sevitabbo bhajitabbo payirupāsitabbo. Taṁ kissa hetu? Iti aparipūraṁ sīlakkhandhaṁ paripūressāmi, paripūraṁ sīlakkhandhaṁ tattha tattha paññāya anuggahessāmi; aparipūraṁ samādhikkhandhaṁ paripūressāmi, paripūraṁ samādhikkhandhaṁ tattha tattha paññāya anuggahessāmi; aparipūraṁ paññākkhandhaṁ paripūressāmi, paripūraṁ paññākkhandhaṁ tattha tattha paññāya anuggahessāmīti. Tasmā evarūpo puggalo sakkatvā garuṁ katvā sevitabbo bhajitabbo payirupāsitabbo.

3.) And what kind of person, bhikkhus, should be associated with, should be kept company with, and should be closely attended to with honor and respect? Here, bhikkhus, a certain person is |excelling::exceeding, distinguished [adhika]| in virtue, collectedness, and wisdom. Such a person, bhikkhus, should be associated with, should be kept company with, and should be closely attended to with honor and respect. For what reason? [Because one considers:] ‘In such a way, in the areas where my development of virtue is deficient, it will be brought to fulfillment; and in the areas where my development of virtue is fulfilled, it will be assisted with wisdom in various respects. In the areas where my development of collectedness is deficient, it will be brought to fulfillment; and in the areas where my development of collectedness is fulfilled, it will be assisted with wisdom in various respects. In the areas where my development of wisdom is deficient, it will be brought to fulfillment; and in the areas where my development of wisdom is fulfilled, it will be assisted with wisdom in various respects.’ Therefore, such a person should be associated with, should be kept company with, and should be closely attended to with honor and respect.

Ime kho, bhikkhave, tayo puggalā santo saṁvijjamānā lokasminti.

These, bhikkhus, are the three kinds of persons found existing in the world.”

Nihīyati puriso nihīnasevī,
Na ca hāyetha kadāci tulyasevī;
Seṭṭhamupanamaṁ udeti khippaṁ,
Tasmā attano uttariṁ bhajethā”ti.

A person who associates with those who are deficient |declines::deteriorates, is ruined, is destroyed [nihīyati]|,
one who associates with an equal does not diminish;
Associating with the best, one |develops::rises, grows [udeti]| swiftly,
There one should associate with one |further along than::beyond [uttariṁ]| oneself.

Topics & Qualities:

Collectedness

Collectedness

A mental quality of composure where awareness is gathered, steady, rather than scattered or tense. In such collectedness, supported by mindfulness and right view, experience is clearly known and can be wisely contemplated.

Also known as: mental composure, stability of mind, stillness of mind, concentration, undistracted awareness
Pāli: samādhi, samāhita, susamāhita, sammāsamādhi
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Companionship

Companionship

Companionship is the state of being with others, fostering connection, support, and mutual growth. This topic highlights how our associations influence us, whether positively or negatively, and explores the conditions and choices that lead to different kinds of companionship.

Also known as: fellowship, association, camaraderie, friendship
Pāli: sahāyatā, mittatā
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Ethical conduct

Ethical conduct

A disciplined way of living grounded in harmlessness and integrity. Ethical conduct restrains the body and speech from harm, purifies behavior, and forms the foundation for collectedness and wisdom.

Also known as: moral integrity, right action, virtue
Pāli: sīla, sammākammanta
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Wisdom

Wisdom

Lived understanding and sound judgment that steers the mind away from suffering, distinct from mere accumulation of facts.

Also known as: (of a person) wise, astute, intelligent, learned, skilled, firm, stable, steadfast, an experiential understanding of the four noble truths
Pāli: paññā, medhā, dhīra, paṇḍita, asammūḷha
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Last updated on June 7, 2026