The Buddha describes the four types of meditators based on their skill in collectedness and in the flexibility of collectedness.

SN 34.4  Samādhimūlakakallitasutta - Flexibility in Collectedness

Sāvatthinidānaṁ.

At Sāvatthi.

“Cattārome, bhikkhave, jhāyī. Katame cattāro?

“Bhikkhus, there are these four types of meditators. What are the four?

Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco jhāyī samādhismiṁ samādhikusalo hoti, na samādhismiṁ kallitakusalo.

Here, bhikkhus, a certain meditator is skilled in collectedness but not skilled in the flexibility of collectedness.

Idha pana, bhikkhave, ekacco jhāyī samādhismiṁ kallitakusalo hoti, na samādhismiṁ samādhikusalo.

Here, however, bhikkhus, a certain meditator is skilled in the flexibility of collectedness but not skilled in collectedness.

Idha pana, bhikkhave, ekacco jhāyī neva samādhismiṁ samādhikusalo hoti, na ca samādhismiṁ kallitakusalo.

Here, however, bhikkhus, a certain meditator is neither skilled in collectedness nor skilled in the flexibility of collectedness.

Idha pana, bhikkhave, ekacco jhāyī samādhismiṁ samādhikusalo ca hoti, samādhismiṁ kallitakusalo ca.

Here, however, bhikkhus, a certain meditator is skilled in both collectedness and in the flexibility of collectedness.

Tatra, bhikkhave, yvāyaṁ jhāyī samādhismiṁ samādhikusalo ca hoti samādhismiṁ kallitakusalo ca ayaṁ imesaṁ catunnaṁ jhāyīnaṁ aggo ca seṭṭho ca mokkho ca uttamo ca pavaro ca.

Among these, bhikkhus, the meditator who is skilled in both collectedness and in the flexibility of collectedness is considered the foremost, the best, the highest, and the most excellent of these four meditators.

Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, gavā khīraṁ, khīramhā dadhi, dadhimhā navanītaṁ, navanītamhā sappi, sappimhā sappimaṇḍo tatra aggamakkhāyati;

Just as, bhikkhus, from milk comes curd, from curd comes butter, from butter comes ghee, and from ghee comes the cream of ghee, which is regarded as the best;

evameva kho, bhikkhave, yvāyaṁ jhāyī samādhismiṁ samādhikusalo ca hoti samādhismiṁ ṭhitikusalo ca ayaṁ imesaṁ catunnaṁ jhāyīnaṁ aggo ca seṭṭho ca mokkho ca uttamo ca pavaro cā”ti.

So too, bhikkhus, the meditator who is skilled in both collectedness and in the flexibility of collectedness is the foremost, the best, the highest, and the most excellent of these four meditators.”

Last updated on June 10, 2026